110學年度國立高中英文教甄單字解析

教育部受託辦理110學年度 公立高級中等學校教師甄選 英文科 試題

Ⅰ. Vocabulary & Idioms

( C ) 1. After George Floyd’s incident, a black young man in suburban Minnesota was fatally shot by a police officer, sparking _____ “Black Lives Matter” protests and further tensions over police violence across the United States of America.

(A) recumbent                     (B) judicious                   (C) subsequent             (D) frigid

recumbent [rɪˋkʌmbənt] [CUMB lie down] adj. 斜倚的；橫臥的；休息的 n. 座位斜靠式自行車

judicious [dʒuˋdɪʃəs] [JUDIC judge] adj. 有見識的；明斷的；明智而審慎的

subsequent [ˋsʌbsɪ͵kwɛnt] [SEQU follow] adj. 後來的，其後的，隨後的；（作為結果而）接著發生的

frigid [ˋfrɪdʒɪd] [FRIG cold] adj. 寒冷的，嚴寒的；冷淡的；呆板的

( A ) 2. Smiles communicate confidence and build trust between the speaker and the audience. But it doesn’t mean that the speaker should smile all the time. The focal point lies on that the facial expressions should _____ with the message.

(A) synchronize                   (B) gainsay                     (C) probate                   (D) jeopardize

synchronize [ˋsɪŋkrənaɪz] [SYN same + CHRON time] vi. 同時發生；畫面和聲音一致 vt. 使同時；使聲音和畫面一致

gainsay [genˋse] vt.（通常用於否定句或疑問句中）否認；反駁；反對

probate [ˋprobet] [PROB test] n. 遺囑的認證[U]；經認證的遺囑[C] adj. 遺囑認證的；遺囑認證法庭的 vt. 認證（遺囑）；處（犯人）以緩刑

jeopardize [ˋdʒɛpɚd͵aɪz] [JEO joke + PARD part] vt. 使瀕於危險境地；冒…的危險；危及

( B ) 3. According to Leo Tolstoy, “art” in our modern society has become so _____ that not only has bad art come to be considered good, but even the very perception of what art really is has lost.

(A) germane                        (B) perverted                  (C) benevolent              (D) rebarbative

germane [dʒɝˋmen] [GERM seed] adj. 有密切關係的；適當的

pervert [pɚˋvɝt] [PER away + VERT turn] vt. 使走上邪路，使變壞；腐蝕；歪曲，曲解

benevolent [bəˋnɛvələnt] [BENE good + VOL will] adj. 仁慈的，厚道的，有愛心的；親切的，善意的

rebarbative [rɪˋbɑrbətɪv] [BARB beard] adj. 討厭的；難看的

( C ) 4. After the dinner, Don sat around and _____ the new tax law enforced by the government; he was upset and let everyone know it.

(A) exemplified                   (B) propagated                (C) condemned             (D) proliferated

exemplify [ɪgˋzɛmplə͵faɪ] [EMPL take; procure] vt. 例示；作為…的例子；【律】製作經公章證明的（文件）的謄本

propagate [ˋprɑpə͵get] [PAG fastened] vt. vi. 繁殖，增殖；使遺傳

condemn [kənˋdɛm] [DEMN harm] vt. 責難，責備，譴責[(+as)]；宣告…有罪，判…刑[(+to)][O2]

proliferate [prəˋlɪfə͵ret] [PROLI offspring + FER bring; carry] vi.【生】（使）增殖；（使）激增；（使）擴散

( A ) 5. The man was consistently _____ and concise, choosing to speak with fewer words than his colleagues.

(A) laconic                           (B) obsolete                    (C) tenuous                   (D) verbose

laconic [ləˋkɑnɪk] [LACON Laconia] adj. 簡潔的，簡明的（源自地名Laconia）

obsolete [ˋɑbsə͵lit] [OB before; against + SOL accustomed] adj. 廢棄的，淘汰的；過時的，老式的 vt. 廢棄，淘汰

tenuous [ˋtɛnjʊəs] [TENU thin, stretch] adj. 纖細的；稀薄的

verbose [vɚˋbos] [VERB word] adj. 囉嗦的；冗長的

( C ) 6. The CEO of the multinational enterprise is always even-tempered; all of his employees are often amazed by his _____ in a quandary or pressure-filled situations.

(A) penitence                       (B) exquisiteness            (C) equanimity             (D) belligerence

penitence [ˋpɛnətəns] [PENIT regret] n. 懺悔；贖罪

exquisiteness [ˋɛkskwɪzɪtnɪs] [QUIS seek; search] n. 絕妙；精巧

equanimity [͵ikwəˋnɪmətɪ] [EQU equal + ANIM life; spirit] n. 平靜；鎮定

belligerence [bəˋlɪdʒərəns] [BELL war; fight + I + GER bear; carry] n. [U]好戰性，好鬥性；交戰狀態；戰鬥

( D ) 7. Tomorrow’s meeting between the two leaders is expected to break a diplomatic _____ that has lasted for ten years.

(A) acolyte                           (B) divination                 (C) plebeian                  (D) stalemate

acolyte [ˋækə͵laɪt] [A together + COLYTE road; way; path; course; journey] n.【宗】（天主教）侍祭；侍僧；沙彌；助手；隨從；新手

divination [dɪvəˋneʃən] [DIVUS god] n. 占卜；預測

plebeian [plɪˋbiən] [PLEBE the people] n. [C]（古羅馬的）平民，庶民；百姓，普通人 adj. 平民的，庶民的；百姓的，普通的；粗俗的

stalemate [ˋstel͵met] [STALE stand + MATE friend; companion; fellow] n.【棋】無子可動；僵持狀態 vt.【棋】使無法動棋子；使陷入困境

( A ) 8. These children were excited to watch _____, a number of smaller enclosed cabins seating two or four persons each, moving across the mountain.

(A) gondolas                        (B) grenades                   (C) jacuzzis                  (D) enigmas

gondola [ˋgɑndələ] n. [C]（用於義大利威尼斯運河的）平底狹長小船；（鐵路上的）敞篷貨車；（空中作業時用的或汽球、飛艇、空中纜車等的）吊籃，吊艙

grenade [grɪˋned] [GREN grain] n. 手榴彈；滅火彈（源自石榴pomegranate）

jacuzzi [dʒəˋkuzɪ] n. 佳骨肌浴缸（周邊可噴水按摩的小浴池，源自商標名Jacuzzi）

enigma [ɪˋnɪgmə] n. 謎；難以理解的事物（源自希臘語ainos）

( B ) 9. The Native Americans treated those European immigrants with every consideration and insisted upon their remaining in the camp until they had fully _____ from their hardships.

(A) estimated                       (B) recuperated               (C) assimilated             (D) tambourinated

estimate [ˋɛstə͵met] [ESTIM value] vt. 估計，估量[(+at)][O2][+(that)]；評價；判斷 vi. 估計；估價[(+for)] n. [C]估計；估價；估計數；（承包人的）估價單

recuperate [rɪˋkjupə͵ret] [CUPER take; hold; seize] vi. 恢復；挽回

assimilate [əˋsɪm!͵et] [SIMIL same; alike] vt. 消化吸收（食物）；吸收（知識等）；理解 vi. 被吸收；被消化；被同化[(+into)]

tambourinate ??? N/A

( C ) 10. Undergraduate students often ______ among various majors before deciding which degree to pursue.

(A) validate                         (B) vaporate                    (C) vacillate                 (D) venerate

validate [ˋvælə͵det] [VAL strong; worth] vt. 使有效；使生效；承認…為正當；確認；證實

vaporate ??? N/A

vacillate [ˋvæs!͵et] [VAC wink] vi. 動搖；猶豫；躊躇[(+between)]；搖擺；波動

venerate [ˋvɛnə͵ret] [VENER charm; love] vt. 尊敬；崇敬

( A ) 11. No answers could ______ the suffering of victims as encompassed by the poliovirus as she was in the acute stages of illness.

(A) mitigate                         (B) indict                        (C) adulterate               (D) infiltrate

mitigate [ˋmɪtə͵get] [MIT soft + IG do; act] vt. 使緩和；減輕 vi. 緩和下來；減輕

indict [ɪnˋdaɪt] [IN in + DICT say; speak] vt. 控告，告發；（尤指大陪審團）對…起訴[(+for/with)]

adulterate [əˋdʌltə͵ret] [ULTER other; to change] vt. 攙雜，攙假 adj. 通姦的；攙雜的，攙假的

infiltrate [ɪnˋfɪltret] [FILTR filter] vt. 使（液體等）透過，滲入；使（思想、人員等）滲透 vi. 透入，滲透

( B ) 12. In order to make his film about gangsters’ life more ______, the writer of the film tried to consult real gangsters.

(A) nascent                          (B) plausible                   (C) precarious              (D) transient

nascent [ˋnæsnt] [NASC born] adj. 發生中的；開始存在的；初期的；未成熟的

plausible [ˋplɔzəb!] [PLAUS big noise] adj. 貌似真實的，貌似有理的；貌似可信的；花言巧語的

precarious [prɪˋkɛrɪəs] [PREC pray] adj. 不穩的；危險的；碰機會的，說不定的

transient [ˋtrænʃənt] [TRANS across; through; over; beyond] adj. 短暫的；一時的；瞬間的；【美】暫住的，路過的 n.【美】短暫居住者；過往旅客[C]；候鳥[C]

( B ) 13. Officials in South Korea have withdrawn recently published guidelines for pregnant women, following a public ______ for their use of outdated sexist stereotypes.

(A) hyperbole                      (B) censure                     (C) maverick                (D) torpor

hyperbole [haɪˋpɝbəlɪ] [HYPER overmuch + BOL to throw] n. 修辭的誇張法；誇張的語句

censure [ˋsɛnʃɚ] [CENS judge] vt. vi. 責備；譴責 n. 責備；譴責[U][C]

maverick [ˋmævərɪk] n.【美】未烙印的小牛（或其他牲口）；【口】不服從的人；持不同意見的人 adj.【美】未烙印的；【口】持不同意見的；特立獨行的 (源自美國19世紀德克薩斯農場主Samuel Maverick)

torpor [ˋtɔrpɚ] [TORP numb] n. 不活潑；遲鈍；懶散；（動物的）冬眠

( C ) 14. At the beginning of 2020, billions of desert locusts crossed the borders from the Arabian Peninsula, ______ farmland and fields of crops and placing the food security of 32 million people in danger.

(A) disparaging                   (B) duping                      (C) ravaging                 (D) explicating

disparaging [dɪsˋpærɪdʒɪŋ] [PAR equal] adj. 輕蔑的；毀謗的 (disparage的動詞現在分詞、動名詞)

duping [ˋdjupɪŋ] dupe的動詞現在分詞、動名詞 (dupe [djup] vt. 欺騙，詐騙，愚弄[(+into)] n. 容易受騙的人；容易被愚弄的人[C][(+of)])

ravage [ˋrævɪdʒ] [RAV to snatch; seize] vt. 使荒蕪；毀滅，毀壞；蹂躪；劫掠 vi. 毀滅；蹂躪；劫掠 n. 大破壞，毀滅；蹂躪；劫掠；荒蕪[U]；劫掠後的殘跡；災害，災難[the P][(+of)]

explicate [ˋɛksplɪ͵ket] [PLIC to fold] vt. 解釋；辯明；闡述

( D ) 15. Management and labor are learning to work _____, as has been evidenced by the sharp drop in strikes.

(A) per se     (B) once in a blue moon     (C) between Scylla and Charybdis      (D) in tandem

per se [ˌpɝˈse] 【拉】就其本身而言（= in or by itself）

once in a blue moon  phr. 【口】千載難逢地; 幾乎未曾有過; 特別少地

between Scylla and Charybdis  phr. 【文】進退維谷

in tandem  phr. 一前一後地; 排成縱列 (tandem [ˋtændəm] n. 兩匹馬前後縱列拉的雙輪馬車；串座雙人自行車 adv. 一前一後地 adj. 一前一後的；串聯的；前後有座位的)

GRE Vocabulary @ The Economist

 

GRE Vocabulary @ The Economist

peripatetic [͵pɛrəpəˋtɛtɪk] [PERI around, about + PAT to walk, tread] adj. Traveling from place to place, in particular working or based in various places for relatively short periods 徘徊的；漫遊的；流動的 n. 走來走去的人；行商；(P-)逍遙學派的弟子

A prodigiously talented---and peripatetic---chef, Mr. Chang bounced around eateries in the south-east. One day diners at a strip-mall restaurant in suburban Richmond or Atlanta might be eating standard egg rolls and orange chicken… (“The apotheosis of Chinese cuisine in America” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: nomadic, itinerant

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=peripatetic

 

perilous [ˋpɛrələs] [PER try, risk] adj. Full of danger or risk 危險的；冒險的

In 2021 Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, will have to navigate a perilous path to save the economy without sacrificing his popularity. The coronavirus pandemic cemented his reputation as an international pariah. (“Neither plagues nor scandals will topple Brazil’s populist president” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: hazardous, risky

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=perilous

 

arrogance [ˋærəgəns] [AD to + ROG to ask, to propose; move in a straight line] n. Offensive display of superiority or self-importance; overbearing pride 傲慢；自大；自負[U]

Since the turn of the century they have shrugged off a dotcom crash, a financial crisis, terrorist attacks and political populism caused partly by resentment at their prosperity and arrogance. (“Great cities after the pandemic” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: haughtiness, hubris

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=arrogance

 

penurious [pəˋnjʊrɪəs] [PENUR want, need; scarcity] adj. Extremely poor; poverty-stricken 小氣的；吝嗇的；窮困的；不足的

The government of the Democratic Republic of Congo is so penurious that its annual health spending per person could not buy a copy of this newspaper. (“African governments are trying to collect more tax” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: destitute, necessitous

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=penurious

 

detractor [dɪˋtræktɚ] [DE down + TRACT to pull] n. A person who disparages someone or something 誹謗者，貶低者

When this reporter visited the set of Havel’s film debut based on his last play, Leaving, she could not find a single detractor. When the film opened, most reviewers took pains not to slam the ex-president. (“Resting in glory” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: critic, disparager

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=detractor

 

repose [rɪˋpoz] [RE back, again + POS stop, put] v. Be lying, situated, or kept in a particular place vi. 躺；靠[(+on)]；長眠，安息 vt. 使休息；使依靠；使靜臥[O][(+on)] n. [U]歇息；睡眠；安詳；安靜；靜止

Tomlinson was part of the National Buildings Record (nbr), a small team of investigator-photographers hurriedly assembled… Today her negatives… repose in the archive of Historic England, a heritage agency. (“The vandalism of modern warfare” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: lie, be placed, be set

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=repose

 

counterfeit [ˋkaʊntɚ͵fɪt] [COUNTER against + FEIT make, do] adj. Made in exact imitation of something valuable or important with the intention to deceive or defraud 偽造的；假冒的；假裝的，虛偽的 vt. 偽造；仿造；酷似 vi. 從事偽造活動；仿造；假裝 n. [C]偽造物；冒牌貨；仿製品；【廢】騙子

A new study by America’s Department of Commerce shows that fakes have even infiltrated the army. The number of counterfeit parts in military electronics systems more than doubled between 2005 and 2008, potentially damaging high-tech weapons. (“Knock-offs catch on”

Synonyms: fake, forged, copied

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=counterfeit

 

fervor [͵fɝvɚ] [FERVOR heat, passion, ardor, fury] n. Intense and passionate feeling 熱烈，熱情[U]

In 2009, Republican voters backed free-trade agreements with greater fervor than Democrats, but that support collapsed in 2016. (“Trade and immigration have never been so popular in America” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: passion, ardor, zeal

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=fervor

 

palpitation [͵pælpəˋteʃən] [PALPIT to throb, to flutter, to tremble, to quiver] n. A noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation, exertion, or illness 悸動；【醫】心悸；發抖

In addition to the loneliness they experience, astronauts, who spend prolonged periods away from their loved ones or indeed any other human beings, suffer from disturbed sleep, heart palpitations, anxiety and mood swings. (“How will humans, by nature social animals, fare when isolated” published on The Economist)

Synonyms: reverberation, throbbing

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=palpitation

 

countenance [ˋkaʊntənəns] [COUN together, with + TEN stretch] vt. Admit as acceptable or possible 贊同；支持，鼓勵[+V-ing] n. 面容，臉色；表情[C]；贊同；支持，鼓勵[U]

Adult children may take on more caring for their parents in future rather than countenance a care home; they may also be more aware of the value of having grandparents or other relatives nearby for child care. ("The family unit has shaped people’s experience of covid-19" published on The Economist)

Synonyms: tolerate, permit, allow

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=countenance

 

cursory [ˋkɝsərɪ] [CURS run] adj. Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed 匆忙的；粗略的

Submissions are given a cursory check, to weed out opinion pieces and to ensure that they have the parts expected of a scientific paper—an abstract and sections describing methods and results. ("Scientific research on the coronavirus is being released in a torrent" published on The Economist)

Synonyms: perfunctory, casual

https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=cursory