Section
1---Unit 2
1. Pre-reading
• Have you ever
been in a dangerous situation, such as a fire or a large typhoon? If so, what
did you do to avoid harm?
• How
do you think you would react to an emergency? Would you stay calm or panic?
• Do
you know the proper steps to take during natural and man-made disasters?
Reading Vocabulary: emergency
responder; earthquake; headlight; oxygen mask; wallet; evacuation
2. Reading
Disaster Response 101:
Preparing for the Worst
If
you found yourself in the midst of a
disaster, what would you do? You may think you'd be levelheaded enough to know how to escape harm, but the fact is that
most people react in a way that brings them closer to danger.
One
of the most natural-and worst-responses to a disaster is to do nothing-yet this
is what many people do. When we feel overwhelmed
by the danger before us, we tend to freeze deer in headlights. We might also
fail to act because we're in denial.
"This can't be happening to me," we tell ourselves, so we ignore the threat
completely. Sometimes, the stress caused by an emergency situation can make it
hard for us to think clearly. People have even been known to run back inside
burning houses to fetch their wallets. During crash landings, passengers often
struggle with fastening their seat belts or putting on their oxygen masks---tasks
that would normally take a few seconds to complete.
1.
calm and able to deal easily with difficult situations
2.
feeling completely overcome or overpowered
3.
refusal to admit the truth or reality of something
During
my 20 years of firefighting, I've
witnessed all kinds of disasters. What I can tell you is that many accidental
deaths could have been avoided if only the victims had known the proper steps
to take. So, how can you improve your chances of survival during a disaster?
A
good place to start is by being prepared. Since we tend to have trouble thinking during emergencies, being prepared allows us
to react without having to think too much. One way to do this is to always take note of fire exits and evacuation procedures
in buildings. ¶Also, listen carefully to safety presentations on
flights, and be sure to study up on the
warning signs of various natural disasters so that you can spot danger.
It's
also important to remember that just because the initial threat has passed,
you're not necessarily out of trouble. Large-scale disasters such as tsunamis and earthquakes can create
dangerous situations, making it difficult for emergency responders to reach
everyone in need. To increase your odds
of survival until assistance arrives, make sure to have a disaster plan that
includes evacuation routes and a meeting place for your family. You should also
create a disaster pack with supplies such as food and water, a first aid kit,
and important documents.
4.
the action or process of putting out fires
5.
a great sea wave produced especially by submarine earth movement or volcanic
eruption
6.
the probability that one thing is so or will happen rather than another
7.
a paper or set of papers with written or printed information, especially of an
official type
For
more comprehensive information that
will protect you and loved ones in case of a disaster, come to my Disaster
Response 101 workshops. They're free,
and they'll cover diverse topics,
ranging from fire prevention and earthquake response drills to life-saving
techniques such as CPR. Workshops third Friday of the month, from 6:00 to 8:00
p.m. at the Community Center, located next to Gino's Pizza Shop. We all hope
the day will never come when we're confronted
with a major disaster. But if it happens, it's best to be thoroughly prepared.
8.
complete and including everything that is necessary
9.
a meeting of people to discuss and/or perform practical work in a subject or
activity
10.
including many different types of people or things
11.
to face, meet, or deal with a difficult situation or person
  | accidental | 第四級 | [形容詞] 偶然的;意外的 |
| | activity | 第二級 | [名詞] 活動 |
| | admit | 第二級 | [動詞] 承認;准許進入;可容納 |
| | aid | 第二級 | [動詞] 有助於; [名詞] 幫助;助手;助聽器 |
| | assistance | 第四級 | [名詞] 幫助,協助 |
| | avoid | 第二級 | [動詞] 避免 |
| | avoided | 第二級 | [動詞] avoid(避免) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | being | 第二級 | [名詞] 存在;生存;生命;本質 |
| | buildings | 第二級 | [名詞] building(建築物) 的複數 |
| | burning | 第二級 | [動詞] burn(燒;燙傷) 的現在分詞 |
| | calm | 第二級 | [形容詞] 寧靜的; [動詞] 變安靜;使鎮定; [名詞] 安靜;鎮定;平靜;無風 |
| | caused | 第二級 | [動詞] cause(導致,使發生,引起) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | community | 第四級 | [名詞] 社區 |
| | complete | 第二級 | [形容詞] 完整的；徹底的; [動詞] 完成 |
| | completely | 第二級 | [形容詞] complete(完整的；徹底的) 的衍生的副詞 |
| | comprehensive | 第六級 | [形容詞] 廣泛的;綜合的 |
| | confronted | 第五級 | [動詞] confront(面臨;遭遇) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | crash | 第三級 | [動詞] 碰撞,倒下,墜落; [名詞] 相撞(事故) |
| | create | 第二級 | [動詞] 創造 |
| | danger | 第二級 | [名詞] 危險 |
| | deer | 第二級 | [名詞] 鹿; [名詞] deer(鹿) 的複數 |
| | denial | 第五級 | [名詞] 否認;拒絕 |
| | disaster | 第四級 | [名詞] 災害,災難,不幸 |
| | disasters | 第四級 | [名詞] disaster(災害,災難,不幸) 的複數 |
| | discuss | 第二級 | [動詞] 討論 |
| | diverse | 第四級 | [形容詞] 互異的;多變化的 |
| | documents | 第五級 | [動詞] document(用文件證明) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] document(文件;證件) 的複數 |
| | drills | 第四級 | [動詞] drill(鑽(孔);在...上鑽孔) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] drill(鑽,鑽頭;鑽床) 的複數 |
| | earthquake | 第二級 | [名詞] 地震 |
| | earthquakes | 第二級 | [名詞] earthquake(地震) 的複數 |
| | emergencies | 第三級 | [名詞] emergency(緊急情況) 的複數 |
| | emergency | 第三級 | [名詞] 緊急情況 |
| | escape | 第二級 | [動詞] 逃跑;逃脫; [名詞] 逃跑;逃脫 |
| | especially | 第二級 | [副詞] 特別地 |
| | exits | 第二級 | [動詞] exit(出去,離去;退去) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] exit(出口) 的複數 |
| | fastening | 第四級 | [動詞] fasten(紮牢;繫緊) 的現在分詞 |
| | feeling | 第二級 | [名詞] 感覺 |
| | fetch | 第四級 | [動詞] (去)拿來; [名詞] 活人的魂;鬼 |
| | flights | 第二級 | [名詞] flight(飛行) 的複數 |
| | found | 第二級 | [動詞] 建立;建造;鑄造;熔化 |
| | freeze | 第三級 | [動詞] 結冰,凝固;凍結; [名詞] 結冰;凝固;(物價,工資等的)凍結 |
| | harm | 第三級 | [動詞] 損害,傷害;危害; [名詞] 損傷,傷害;危害 |
| | ignore | 第二級 | [動詞] 不理睬 |
| | improve | 第二級 | [動詞] 改善 |
| | includes | 第二級 | [動詞] include(包含) 的第三人稱單數現在式 |
| | including | 第二級 | [動詞] include(包含) 的現在分詞 |
| | including | 第四級 | [介系詞] 包括 |
| | increase | 第二級 | [動詞] 增加; [名詞] 增加;增強 |
| | information | 第三級 | [名詞] 資訊 |
| | initial | 第四級 | [形容詞] 開始的,最初的; [動詞] 簽姓名的首字母於;草簽; [名詞] (字的)起首字母 |
| | kit | 第三級 | [名詞] 成套工具;配套元件 |
| | located | 第三級 | [動詞] locate(把...設置在;使...座落於) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | major | 第二級 | [形容詞] 較多的;主要的; [動詞] 主修; [名詞] 主修 |
| | mask | 第二級 | [動詞] 在(臉上)戴面具;掩飾; [名詞] 面具 |
| | masks | 第二級 | [動詞] mask(在(臉上)戴面具;掩飾) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] mask(面具) 的複數 |
| | midst | 第五級 | [介系詞] 在...之中; [名詞] 當中;中間 |
| | natural | 第二級 | [形容詞] 天然的 |
| | necessarily | 第二級 | [形容詞] necessary(需要的) 的衍生的副詞 |
| | necessary | 第二級 | [形容詞] 需要的 |
| | normally | 第三級 | [形容詞] normal(正常的,正規的) 的衍生的副詞 |
| | odds | 第五級 | [名詞] 機會;可能性;投注賠率;不和 |
| | official | 第二級 | [形容詞] 官方的,法定的; [名詞] 官員,公務員 |
| | overcome | 第四級 | [動詞] 戰勝;克服; [動詞] overcome(戰勝;克服) 的過去分詞 |
| | overwhelmed | 第五級 | [動詞] overwhelm(壓倒;征服;使受不了) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | oxygen | 第四級 | [名詞] 氧;氧氣 |
| | panic | 第三級 | [動詞] 使恐慌; [名詞] 恐慌,驚慌 |
| | passengers | 第三級 | [名詞] passenger(乘客) 的複數 |
| | perform | 第三級 | [動詞] 履行;執行;表演, 演奏 |
| | pizza | 第二級 | [名詞] 披薩 |
| | practical | 第三級 | [形容詞] 實用的；切合實際的 |
| | presentations | 第四級 | [名詞] presentation(贈送;呈現;介紹,引見) 的複數 |
| | prevention | 第四級 | [名詞] 預防,防止 |
| | printed | 第二級 | [動詞] print(印刷;用印刷體寫) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | procedures | 第四級 | [名詞] procedure(程序;手續;步驟) 的複數 |
| | process | 第三級 | [動詞] 加工沖洗(膠卷); [名詞] 過程,進程 |
| | produced | 第二級 | [動詞] produce(製造;出產) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | proper | 第二級 | [形容詞] 適合的,適當的 |
| | protect | 第二級 | [動詞] 保護 |
| | ranging | 第二級 | [動詞] range(排列) 的現在分詞 |
| | rather | 第二級 | [副詞] 寧可;頗為 |
| | react | 第三級 | [動詞] 作出反應 |
| | reality | 第二級 | [名詞] 現實;真實 |
| | refusal | 第四級 | [名詞] 拒絕 |
| | response | 第三級 | [名詞] 回答;答覆 |
| | responses | 第三級 | [名詞] response(回答;答覆) 的複數 |
| | routes | 第四級 | [動詞] route(給...定路線) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] route(路;路線;路程) 的複數 |
| | safety | 第二級 | [名詞] 安全 |
| | saving | 第三級 | [名詞] 挽救;節儉,節約;儲金,積蓄 |
| | situation | 第三級 | [名詞] 處境,境遇 |
| | situations | 第三級 | [名詞] situation(處境,境遇) 的複數 |
| | spot | 第二級 | [動詞] 沾污;察出; [名詞] 斑點;場所 |
| | steps | 第二級 | [動詞] step(跨(步);踏(腳)) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] step(步;臺階) 的複數 |
| | stress | 第二級 | [動詞] 強調; [名詞] 壓力 |
| | struggle | 第二級 | [動詞] 掙扎;對抗; [名詞] 使勁;掙扎 |
| | submarine | 第四級 | [形容詞] 海底的; [名詞] 潛艇 |
| | such | 第二級 | [形容詞] 如此的; [代名詞] 這樣的人(或事物);上述的人(或事物) |
| | supplies | 第二級 | [動詞] supply(供給,供應) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] supply(生活用品;補給品) 的複數 |
| | survival | 第二級 | [名詞] 倖存;殘存 |
| | tasks | 第二級 | [動詞] task(派給...任務;要...做一項工作) 的第三人稱單數現在式; [名詞] task(任務;工作) 的複數 |
| | techniques | 第三級 | [名詞] technique(技巧;技術) 的複數 |
| | tend | 第三級 | [動詞] 走向;趨向;照料 |
| | thoroughly | 第四級 | [形容詞] thorough(徹底的;完全的) 的衍生的副詞 |
| | threat | 第三級 | [名詞] 威脅,恐嚇 |
| | truth | 第二級 | [名詞] 事實;真相 |
| | typhoon | 第二級 | [名詞] 颱風 |
| | various | 第三級 | [形容詞] 各種各樣的;好幾個的 |
| | victims | 第三級 | [名詞] victim(受害者) 的複數 |
| | vocabulary | 第三級 | [名詞] 字彙 |
| | wallet | 第二級 | [名詞] 皮夾 |
| | wallets | 第二級 | [名詞] wallet(皮夾) 的複數 |
| | warning | 第三級 | [動詞] warn(警告) 的現在分詞 |
| | witnessed | 第四級 | [動詞] witness(目擊;為...作證) 的過去式及過去分詞 |
| | workshops | 第五級 | [名詞] workshop(作坊;研討會) 的複數 |
| | worst | 第二級 | [形容詞] 最壞的;最差的; [形容詞] ill(生病的) 的最高級; [副詞] 最壞地,最惡劣地;最不利地; [名詞] 最壞者;最壞的部分;最壞的情況 |
3 Post-reading
I. Reading Skill: Making Inferences
Inferring
involves making guesses about a text. We infer only while we are reading, never
before. We use context clues (information from the words and ideas in the text)
to draw conclusions about a wide range of things. Inferring involves guessing
intelligently about more than just what the writer will say. We may also make
inferences about the author's underlying attitude about the topic or contents
of the text.
Test Your Skills
Reread
"Disaster Response 101: Preparing for the Worst" with the following
questions in mind. You may want to reread the entire article or just parts of
it. Which part of the article helped you answer each question?
1. Who
is the writer?
2. Who
is this blog post written for? Who does the author want to read his work?
3. What
motivated the writer to write this article? What makes you think so?
II. Reading Comprehension:
( ) 1. Which sentence sums up the article's
main idea?
a. Most people
instinctively know the correct way to react to a natural disaster.
b. Natural
disasters can be prevented, and we should all learn how to prevent them.
c. The best way to
respond to a disaster is to be prepared for them.
d. Always wait for
the help of emergency responders, instead of saving yourself.
( ) 2. What are some people known to have done
in the event of house fires?
a. Run back to
retrieve a personal possession
b. Call a loved
one to say that they're safe
c. Return to the
scene of the fire to look for their pets
d. Forget to call
for emergency assistance
( ) 3. According to the writer, what should a
disaster pack include?
a. A first aid kit b. Warm clothing c. A flashlight d.
A cell phone
( ) 4. Which is not covered in the Disaster
Response 101 workshop?
a. CPR b. Fire prevention c. Earthquake response drills d. Road safety
( ) 5. How many times a month will the
workshop be held?
a. One b. Two c. Three d.
Four
III. Vocabulary: Match each vocabulary
word with its synonym.