2019年1月6日 星期日

English Composition 5: Watch What You Eat


英作 5
示:現代的外食人口日漸增加,飲食難以均衡,加上食的安全頻亮紅燈,請以 "Watch What You Eat" 為題,寫一篇文長至少 120 個單詞(words)的文章。
文分兩段,第一段敘述現代人經常外食可能產生的問題,第二段則說明如何慎選食物才能吃得健康。

Watch What You Eat
  In today's fast-paced society, people are too busy to prepare their own food, so more and more of them are choosing to eat out, which brings about several problems. For one thing, it causes undernourishment. Take fast foods for example. They are high in fat, salt, and calories but low in fiber. Also, people may be consuming poisonous foods unconsciously. It is reported that some conscienceless merchants have added toxic substances, such as plasticizer, to what we eat, so it is not safe to eat out very often.

  Eating healthy is essential to our lives. First, keep away from fried foods, which can easily lead to obesity. Eating steamed or boiled foods is much better. Second, eat more high-fiber foods like fruits and vegetables. Last but not least, avoid foods with additives and artificial flavors because they can do a lot of harm. As the ad slogan states, "Natural is the best." Consuming natural foods is the only way to go.

慎選你吃的食物
  在今日步調快速的社會裡,民眾因為太忙而沒時間自己下廚,所以愈來愈多人選擇外食,卻也因此產生許多問題。首先,外食會造成營養不良。以速食為例,它富含脂肪、高鹽和高卡路里,但纖維素卻少得可憐。此外,民眾還可能在無意間吃下有毒的食物。據報導,一些不肖商人在我們吃的食物裡添加像是塑化劑等有毒物質,所以經常外食並不安全。
  吃得健康對我們的生命很重要。首先要遠離油炸食物,它們很容易引起肥胖。吃蒸的或水煮的食物是較好的選擇。其次,多吃蔬菜和水果等高纖的食物。最後但同樣重要的一點就是,避免食用有添加物和人工香料的食物,因為它們會造成很大的傷害。就像廣告標語所說的:『天然的尚好。』吃天然的食物才是王道。
審 題
現代社會裡,每個人都有外食的經驗。外食的原因可能是因為廚藝不佳、沒有時間、家中不方便開伙、或是貪圖方便等。不過,從最近的社會新聞來看,外食容易產生一些健康問題,如何慎選我們吃的食物變成一門人人必修的學分。根據提示,可知本篇作文是說明文。說明文可以分為『事物說明』和『事理說明』兩種。這種文體主要用來介紹新知、說明現象或傳達訊息。其寫作要點如下:
1.需強調明確的步驟或順序。文中常會用:第一(點)……,第二(點)……等,以及最後(一點)……
2.應針對對象(讀者)調整你說明的角度或深度淺度。
3. 以語言簡練、過程完整來達到條理分明的陳述。



動動腦(Brainstorming
第一段:經常外食可能產生什麼問題(what),以及產生的原因(why):
•   速食這類高脂、高鹽、高熱量、低纖維的食物容易導致肥胖和高血壓。
•   不肖業者添加的有毒人工添加物會對人體造成傷害。
•   業者處理食物的過程中未達衛生標準,吃了容易拉肚子。
第二段:慎選什麼食物才能吃得健康(what):
•   吃蒸的或水煮的食物比吃油炸食物來得好。
•   水果和蔬菜等高纖食物對消化有益。
•   沒有添加物和人工香料的天然食品是最好的選擇。
•   料理過程衛生及保存良好的食物才不會引起健康問題。
利用 2 W (what, why)
第一段    What is bad food?  Why is it bad for us?
第二段    What food is good for us?  What is the end result?
大 綱
主題句:More and more people are eating out because they are too busy to prepare their own food, which leads to several problems.
發展句:Eating healthy is essential to our lives.
結論句:Natural is the best. Natural foods are always the best choice.



好用句型
►    too + adj./adv. + to V  太……而無法……
    注意: 在本句構中,第一個 too 為副詞,表『太過於……』,其後接形容詞或副詞以供修飾;第二個 to 則為不定詞的 to,其後須接原形動詞,所形成的不定詞片語作副詞用,修飾其前的第一個 too
:   I tried to move the sofa by myself, but it was too heavy to lift.
(我試著自己移動沙發,但沙發太重了我根本抬不起來。)
:   Carlos is walking too slowly to keep up with us.
(卡洛士走得太慢了,因此跟不上我們。)
►    for one thing  首先;其一
注意: For one thing 表『首先;其一』,用以說明第一個理由。亦常與 For another(其二、二來)並用。
: Gary is a nice guy. For one thing, he is generous; for another, he's friendly with everyone he meets.(蓋瑞是好人。一則,他很大方;再則,他對遇到的每個人都很友善。)
►    It is reported + that 子句  據報導……
    注意:   常見的『It is + 過去分詞 + that 子句』的句型有下列:
1) It is believed + that 子句 一般相信……
2) It is estimated + that 子句 據估計……
3) It is expected + that 子句 一般預料……
4) It is known + that 子句大家都知道……
5) It is rumored + that 子句 謠傳……
6) It is said + that 子句  據說……
7) It is thought + that 子句  大家都認為……
:   It is known that John is able to speak five different languages.
(大家都知道約翰會講 5 種不同的語言。)
:   It was rumored that the rock star died from a drug overdose.
(謠傳那名搖滾歌手因為吸毒過量致死。)
►    Last but not least, S + V  最後但同樣重要的一點是,……
注意: "Last but not least, S + V" 乃由 "What comes last but isn't the least important is + that 子句" 化簡而來。
: I'd like to thank all the guests that came to the party tonight. Last but not least, please take a taxi home instead of drinking and driving.
(我要謝謝今晚來參加派對的各位嘉賓。最後但同樣重要的是,請各位搭計程車回家,而不要酒後駕車。)
重要單字及片語:
1. fast-paced [ ̗̗fæst`pest ] a. 步調快速的 slow-paced [ ̀slo`pest ] a. 步調慢的
pace [ pes ] n. 步調,速度
:   It is important that we learn how to deal with stress properly in this fast-paced society.
(在這步調緊湊的社會裡,學會如何適當處理壓力是很重要的。)
2. bring about...= lead to... 促成導致……
:   The bad economy brought about a lot of homelessness.
(經濟不景氣導致許多人無家可歸。)
3. Take...for example. = Take...for instance. 以……為例。
: Big cities are usually expensive. Take Taipei for example. It costs over NT$15,000 a
month to rent a small apartment.
(大城市通常物價昂貴。以台北為例,一間小公寓一個月房租就超過一萬五千塊台幣。)
4. be high in...  富含……     be low in...  ……的含量低
:   This type of fruit is high in calcium but low in iron.
  (這種水果含有豐富的鈣質,但鐵的含量卻很低。)
5. consume [ kən`sum ] vt. 吃,喝
:   Johnny consumed most of the potato chips I bought for the party.
  (強尼把我為派對所買的洋芋片給吃掉了一大半。)
6. unconsciously [ ʌn`kɑnʃəslɪ ] adv. 無意識地
    consciously [ `kɑnʃəslɪ] adv. 有意識地
:   Personal habits are usually developed unconsciously.
  (個人習慣通常都是在不知不覺中養成的。)
7. conscienceless [ `kɑnʃənslɪs ] a. 沒良心的    conscience [ `kɑnʃəns ] n. 良心
    against one's conscience  違背某人的良心
:   The conscienceless killer shot 12 people at the night market.
  (這個良心泯滅的殺手在夜市射殺了 12 個人。)
:   It goes against my conscience to take advantage of others' generosity.
  (利用他人的慷慨大方有違我的良心。)
8. add A to B 把 A 加到 B
:   Please add some pepper to the soup because it tastes bland.
(請加一點胡椒到湯裡,因為湯喝起來味道很淡。)
9. essential [ ɪ`sɛnʃəl ] a. 必要的,不可或缺的
be essential to...= be vital to..  對……極為重要不可或缺
:   Both good food and enough sleep are essential to our health.
(良好的飲食與充足的睡眠對健康都很重要。)
10.   keep away from...= stay away from...  遠離……
:   In case of an earthquake, stay calm and keep away from the windows.

(萬一發生地震,要保持鎮定並遠離窗戶。)

11.   artificial [ ̀artə`fɪʃəl ] a. 人工的,人造的
:   Harry's artificial heart lengthened his life by 10 years.
(哈利的人工心臟延長了他 10 年的壽命。)
12.   natural [ `næʧərəl ] a. 自然的,天然的
:   It's natural for you to feel upset in this situation.
(你在這個情況下感到不開心是很自然的。)
13.   prepare [ prɪ`pɛr ] vt. 準備(食物)
14.   undernourishment [ ̗ʌndɚ`nɝɪʃmənt ] n. 營養不良
15.   calorie [ `kælərɪ ] n. 卡路里(熱量單位)
16.   fiber [ `faɪbɚ ] n. 纖維
17.   poisonous [ `poɪzənəs ] a. 有毒的  
18. merchant [ `mɝʧənt ] n. 商人
19.   toxic [ `tɑksɪk ] a. 有毒的        
20. substance [ `sʌbstəns ] n. 物質
21.   plasticizer [ `plæstəsaɪzɚ] n. 塑化劑
22.   fried [ fraɪd ] a. 油炸的
23.   obesity [ o`bisətɪ ] n. 肥胖    obese [ o`bis ] a. 肥胖的
24.   steamed [ stimd ] a. 蒸的(過去分詞作形容詞用)
25.   additive [ `ædətɪv ] n. 添加物   
26.   flavor [ `flevɚ] n. 味道

27.   slogan [ `slogən ] n. 口號,標語

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