Unit
25
acquire [ə`kwaɪr]
vt. 獲得
衍生字：acquisition
[͵ækwə`zɪʃən] n. 獲得；獲得物 ⑥；acquired
[ə`kwaɪrd] a. 後天習得的；後天獲得的
反義字：innate
[͵ɪn`et] a. 先天的 = inborn [͵ɪn`bɔrn] a. 天生的 ⑤
David acquired
the skills needed to become a surgeon. / 大衛習得了當外科醫生所必備的技術。
Dancing is an acquired
skill. / 跳舞是後天習得的技巧。
AIDS is short
for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. / 愛滋病是後天性免疫不全症候群的縮寫。＊immune [ɪ`mjun]
a. 免疫的＊deficiency [dɪ`fɪʃənsɪ] n. 不足＊syndrome [`sɪn͵drom] n. 症候群
associate [ə`soʃɪ͵et] vt. 使有關聯 vi. 交往
片語：be associated with... 與⋯有關 = be connected to/with...；associate with sb 與某人交往
Lung cancer is mostly associated with smoking. / 肺癌大多與吸菸有關。
If I were you, I
wouldn't associate with that guy. He's a gangster. / 如果我是你的話，我不會和那名男子有所往來。他是幫派份子。
associate [ə`soʃɪɪt]
n. 合夥人 a. 副的
同義字：partner
[`pɑrtnɚ] n. 夥伴，合夥人 ②
Jason is one of
my business associates. / 傑森是我的事業夥伴之一。
Maggie is the
associate editor of that magazine. / 瑪琪是那家雜誌的副編輯。
延伸：an associate professor 副教授
association [ə͵sosɪ`eʃən] n. 協會，聯合
片語：in association with... 與⋯聯合 = in cooperation with... 與⋯合作
We decided to set up an association of photography lovers. / 我們決定成立一個攝影愛好者協會。
The exhibition was sponsored by the government in association with local
businesses. / 這場展覽是由政府聯合當地企業贊助舉辦的。
assume [ə`sjum]
vt. 假定，認為（以 that 子句作受詞），負起（責任）
片語：assume
the burden of... 挑起⋯的重擔 =
shoulder the burden of...
衍生字：assumption
[ə`sʌmpʃən] n. 假定 ⑥
Paul assumed
that his girlfriend was joking when she said he was ugly. / 阿寶的女友說他很醜時，他認定她一定是在開玩笑。
After his
parents passed away, the boy assumed the burden of raising the family. / 男孩的父母亡故後，他便負起養家的責任。
authority [ə`θɔrətɪ]
n. 權威（不可數），權威人士（可數），有關當局（恆用複數）
片語：have
authority over... 有支配⋯的權力／權威
衍生字：authorize
[`ɔθə͵raɪz] v. 授權；認可 ⑥
an authority
on... 在⋯方面的權威人士；the authorities concerned 有關當局
Our parents have
authority over us when we are young. / 小時候，父母可完全支配我們。
My cousin is an
authority on photography. / 我表哥在攝影方面是個權威。
The authorities
concerned should take immediate action to deal with the problem. / 有關當局應立刻採取行動處理此問題。
community [kə`mjunətɪ]
n. 社區，界，共同利益團體
I live in a small
community outside the city. / 我住在城外的一個小社區裡。
The medical
community is sparing no effort to promote human health. / 醫學界正不遺餘力提升人類的健康。
比較：neighborhood
[`nebɚ͵hʊd] n. 鄰近地區 ③
There is a
shopping mall in my neighborhood. / 我住的附近有一家大賣場。
defend [dɪ`fɛnd]
vt. 防禦，辯護
衍生字：defendant
[dɪ`fɛndənt] n. 被告 ④
同義字：attack
[ə`tæk] vt. 攻擊 ②
The villagers
struggled to defend their homeland. / 村民們奮力保衛家園。
The singer held
a press conference to defend herself against the rumor. / 這名歌手召開記者會，為傳言替自己做辯護。
defense [dɪ`fɛns]
n. 防禦，辯護
片語：in
defense of... 以辯護
反義字：offense
[ə`fɛns] n. 攻擊；犯罪 ④
The best defense
is offense. / 攻擊是最佳的防禦。──諺語
The lawyer spoke
in defense of his client's innocence. / 律師發表談話為委託訴訟人的無辜作辯護。
defensible [dɪ`fɛnsəbḷ]
a. 可防禦的
同義字：defendable
[dɪ`fɛndəbḷ] a. 可防禦的
A castle built
on a high mountain is easily defensible. / 興建在高山上的城堡容易防禦。
defensive [dɪ`fɛnsɪv]
a. 防禦性的
反義字：offensive
[ə`fɛnsɪv] a. 攻擊性的 ④
We need both
defensive and offensive weapons to face attacks from neighboring countries. / 我們需要防禦性及攻擊性的武器以對抗鄰國的攻擊。
district [`dɪstrɪkt]
n. （行政）區
Which district
of the city do you live in? / 你住在這座城市的哪一區？
比較：zone
[zon] n. 地帶，地區 ③；area [`ɛrɪə] n. 地區 ①
economic [͵ikə`nɑmɪk] a. 與經濟有關的
Mary's economic
problems started when she got divorced. / 瑪麗離婚時，經濟方面的問題就產生了。
延伸：economic
development 經濟發展
economical [͵ikə`nɑmɪkḷ] a. 合乎經濟效益的，節省的
同義字：frugal
[`frugḷ] a. 節省的
It's more
economical to buy food in large quantities. / 大量購買食物比較划算。
economically
[͵ikə`nɑmɪkḷɪ] adv. 合乎經濟效益地
We must use this
limited space economically. / 我們要有效地使用這個有限的空間。
用法：本字亦可表『與經濟有關地』。Economically speaking,...就經濟方面而言，⋯
economics [͵ikə`nɑmɪks] n. 經濟學
I majored in economics
while I was in college. / 我唸大學時主修經濟學。
延伸：也有人將
economic、economical、economics 分別唸成 [͵ɛkə`nɑmɪk]、[͵ɛkə`nɑmɪkḷ]、及 [͵ɛkə`nɑmɪkḷɪ]。
economist [ɪ`kɑnəmɪst]
n. 經濟學家
Economists estimate
a slow growth in the global economy. / 經濟學家預估全球經濟將有緩慢的成長。
economy [ɪ`kɑnəmɪ] n. 經濟，節儉
同義字：frugality
[fru`gælətɪ] n. 節儉
The economy of
this country seems to be improving. / 這個國家的經濟似乎正在好轉。
Several
decisions about the economy were made in order to save money. / 為了節省開支，因此做了許多省錢的決定。
equip [ɪ`kwɪp]
vt. 配備（常用被動語態）
片語：be
equipped with... 配備有⋯
All the
classrooms are equipped with state-of-the-art facilities. / 所有的教室都配有最先進的設備。
equipment [ɪ`kwɪpmənt]
n. 裝備（集合名詞，不可數）
This camera is
the most important piece of equipment I have. / 這台相機是目前我擁有最重要的一項配備。
延伸：a piece
of equipment 一件裝備；a lot of equipment 很多裝備
establish [ɪ`stæblɪʃ]
vt. 建立，創立
片語：establish
sth 建立某物 = set up sth
The company was
established in 1988. / 這家公司於 1988 年創立。
用法：established
可作形容詞，表『名聲穩固的』。an established writer 名聲屹立不搖的作家
establishment [ɪ`stæblɪʃmənt]
n. 建立
同義字：founding
[`faʊndɪŋ] n. 創立
The
establishment of his own business was the turning point in his life. / 自行創業是他人生的轉捩點。
evidence [`ɛvədəns]
n. 證據（集合名詞，不可數）vt. 證明
We have found a
lot of evidence against John. / 我們發現很多不利於約翰的證據。
The king loves
the queen very much, as evidenced by a large palace he built for her. / 國王非常愛皇后，他為她建造的這座大皇宮可以作證。
用法：an
evidence (×)；a piece of
evidence 一項證據 (○)
evident [`ɛvədənt]
a. 明顯的
同義字：obvious
[`ɑbvɪəs] a. 明顯的 ③；apparent [ə`pærənt]
a. 顯然的 ③
It's evident that
Alan committed the murder. / 顯然阿倫犯了這樁謀殺案。
evidently [`ɛvədəntlɪ]
adv. 明顯地
同義字：obviously
[`ɑbvɪəslɪ] a. 明顯地 ③；apparently
[ə`pærəntlɪ] a. 明顯地 ③
Nina is
evidently in serious trouble. / 很明顯地，妮娜闖了大禍。
extend [ɪk`stɛnd]
vt. 擴大，延伸
衍生字：extension
[͵ɪk`stɛʃən] n. 延長；電話分機
Call me at
23317600, extension 10. / 請撥電話給我，電話是 23317600，分機 10。
同義字：lengthen
[`lɛŋθən] vt. 延長，使加長 ③
I'd like to
extend my stay another two days. / 我想在這兒多待兩天。
extent [ɪk`stɛnt]
n. 程度
片語：to
a/an...extent 到⋯的程度 = to
a/an...degree
I love her to
such an extent that without her I couldn't live. / 我愛她到沒有她我就活不下去的程度。
facial [`feʃəl]
a. 臉的，面部的 n. 臉部按摩
片語：do a
facial 做臉；give sb a facial massage 為某人做臉部按摩
Sue had a
strange facial expression when she tasted this dish. / 蘇吃這道菜時臉上有奇怪的表情。
My wife does a
facial every now and then. / 我太太偶而會做臉。
including [ɪn`kludɪŋ]
prep. 包括（= inclusive of）
衍生字：include
[ɪn`klud] vt. 包含，包括 ②
inclusive [ɪn`klusɪv]
a. 包含的，包括的（與 of 並用）⑥
反義字：excluding
[ɪk`skludɪŋ] prep. 不包括 = exclusive of...
Five passengers
were injured in the accident, including a pregnant woman. = Five passengers
were injured in the accident, inclusive of a pregnant woman. = Five passengers
were injured in the accident, a pregnant woman included. / 5名乘客在意外中受傷，包括一名孕婦在內。＊換言之，上列句中名詞前可使用 including 或 inclusive of，名詞後則使用過去分詞 included。
information [͵ɪnfɚ`meʃən]
n. 消息，資料（不可數，有時縮寫成 info [`ɪnfo]）
衍生字：inform
[ɪn`fɔrm] vt. 通知，告知 ③
inform sb of sth
告知某人某事 = notify sb of sth
Thank you for
giving us all the information we need. / 謝謝你提供我們一切想要的資訊。
John is a mine
of information about music. / 約翰是個音樂通。＊mine [maɪn] n. 礦山（此處指寶庫）
informative [ɪn`fɔrmətɪv]
a. 有內容的，能增進知識的
同義字：educational
[͵ɛdʒʊ`keʃənḷ] a. 有教育意義的 ③ = illuminating [ɪ`lumə͵netɪŋ]
a. 有啟發性的 ⑥ = inspiring [ɪn`spaɪrɪŋ] a. 激勵人心的
Mr. Johnson's
speech was quite informative. / 強森先生的演講頗有內容。
Tom found the
television program quite informative. / 湯姆發現這個電視節目蠻具教育性的。
involve [ɪn`vɑlv] vt. 使涉入
片語：be
involved in... 涉入⋯
The evidence
shows that Paul is involved in that murder. / 證據顯示保羅涉入那起謀殺案。
involvement [ɪn`vɑlvmənt]
n. 牽涉（不可數）
同義字：participation
[pɑr͵tɪsə`peʃən] n. 參加 ④
Employee
involvement is a big step for the company. / 員工投入是這家公司的一大進展。
labor [`lebɚ] n.
勞動，勞力，分娩 vi. 勞動，工作
片語：be in
labor 分娩中
衍生字：laborer
[`lebərɚ] n. 勞動者
同義字：work
[wɝk] vi. 工作 ①；toil [tɔɪl] vi. 辛苦工作，苦幹 ⑤
Wages for
unskilled labor are usually not very high. / 非技術性勞工的薪資通常不會太高。
Kate was in
labor for almost four hours before she gave birth to a healthy baby boy. / 凱特分娩了將近四個小時才生下一個健康的男寶寶。
George labored
late into the night in order to finish his report. / 為了完成他的報告，喬治工作到很晚。
mere [mɪr] a. 僅僅的
片語：a mere
+ 數字 僅僅若干⋯ = merely + 數字 = only
+ 數字
Lucy was a mere
child when her parents got divorced. / 露西的父母離婚時她還只是個小孩子。
We need a mere $
30,000 to set up a radio station. / 我們設立一座廣播電台只需要 3 萬美金就行了。
merely [`mɪrlɪ]
adv. 僅僅
He is merely a
child, so don't expect too much of him. / 他只是個孩子，因此不要對他期望太多。
obtain [əb`ten]
vt. 獲得，把⋯弄到手
同義字：acquire
[ə`kwaɪr] vt. 獲得 ④
The latest bus
timetable can be obtained at the tourist center. / 最新的公車時刻表可在遊客中心索取。
operation [͵ɑpə`reʃən]
n. 操作，營運，手術
片語：perform
an operation on... 對⋯做手術（surgery
是不可數名詞，之前不加 a）= perform surgery
on...
Are you familiar
with the operation of this machine? / 你熟悉這台機器的操作嗎？
Three doctors
were performing an operation on the patient. / 有位醫生正為病人動手術。
operational [͵ɑpə`reʃənḷ]
a. 操作上的
Should you have
any operational problems, just let me know. / 你若有任何操作上的問題，請逕自告訴我就可以了。＊Should
you have... 萬一你有⋯ = If you should have...
operator [`ɑpə͵retɚ]
n. 操作人員，接線生，總機
同義字：worker
[wɝkɚ] n. 員工；作業人員 ①
All the machine
operators in our factory are well trained. / 我們工廠所有的機器操作人員都經過良好的訓練。
Operator, please
connect me to Mr. Wilson. / 總機，麻煩妳把我接給魏爾遜先生。
延伸：a
machine operator 機械操作員；a computer operator 電腦操作員
persuasion [pɚ`sweʒən]
n. 說服，信念
衍生字：persuade
[pɚ`swed] vt. 說服 ③
Paul is skilled
in the art of persuasion and always gets what he wants. / 保羅精通說服的藝術，總是會得到他想要的東西。
persuasive [pɚ`swesɪv]
a. 有說服力的
同義字：convincing
[kən`vɪnsɪŋ] a. 使人信服的
John made a
powerful and persuasive speech at the meeting. / 會議中約翰發表了一篇措詞有力且具說服力的演講。
physical [`fɪzɪkḷ]
a. 身體的，生理的，物理的 n. 健康檢查（= physical checkup）
片語：have a
physical checkup 做身體檢查 = have a physical
反義字：mental
[`mɛntḷ] a. 心理的 ③
Laura has been
suffering from constant physical pain. / 蘿拉飽受持續不斷的身體病痛。
The Law of
Gravity is one of the most basic physical laws you should know. / 萬有引力定律是你必須知道的基本物理定律之一。＊gravity [`grævətɪ] n. 地心引力
You should have
a physical (checkup) regularly. / 你應該要定期做健康檢查。
physically [`fɪzɪkḷɪ]
adv. 身體上
片語：stay physically
and mentally helathy 保持身心健康
To stay
physically and mentally healthy, you need to exercise regularly. = To stay
healthy in both body and mind, you need to exercise regularly. / 要保持身心健康，你就必須規律運動。
physician [fə`zɪʃən]
n. 醫師（尤指內科）
The physician
ordered the patient to stay in bed for 3 days. / 醫師囑咐病人必須待在床上 3 天。
比較：surgeon
[`sɝdʒən] n. 外科醫師 ④
physicist [`fɪzɪsɪst]
n. 物理學家
Through hard
work, Marvin finally became a world-famous physicist. / 馬文經由努力終於成了世界知名的物理學家。
physics [`fɪzɪks]
n. 物理學
The Nobel Prize
winner used to teach physics at a famous university in California
production [prə`dʌkʃən]
n. 生產，（電影）製片
同義字：manufacture
[͵mænjə`fæktʃɚ] n. & vt. 製造 ④
We need to build
two more assembly lines to speed up production. / 我們需另外建立兩條裝配條以加速生產。
productive [prə`dʌktɪv]
a. 生產的，多產的
同義字：prolific
[prə`lɪfɪk] a. 多產的
All bosses like
productive employees. / 所有的老闆都喜歡有生產力的員工。
research [`risɝtʃ
/ rɪ`sɝtʃ] n. 研究（不可數）
片語：do a
lot of research about/on 做有關⋯的研究
衍生字：researcher
[`risɝtʃɚ / rɪ`sɝtʃɚ] n. 研究人員 ④
Scientists are
still conducting research on global warming. / 科學家仍在進行全球暖化的研究。
research [rɪ`sɝtʃ]
vt. 研究
同義字：study
[`stʌdɪ] vt. 研究
Pam researched
her family's history, tracing it back to the 1500s. / 小潘研究她的家族史，可追溯到 16 世紀。＊the 1500s：16
世紀;the 1900s：20 世紀
researcher [rɪ`sɝtʃɚ]
n. 研究員
Researchers have
found that eating more vegetables is conducive to good health. / 研究人員已經發現多吃青菜有益健康。＊conducive [kən`djusɪv] a. 有益的
Unit
26
agency [`edʒənsɪ]
n. 代辦處，機關
My dad works at
a travel agency. / 我老爸在一家旅行社工作。
延伸：a news
agency 通訊社；a travel agency 旅行社
agent [`edʒənt]
n. 代理商，經紀人
同義字：broker
[`brokɚ] n. 經紀人，掮客
A real estate
agent came by to talk to my father about selling our house. / 一位房地產經紀人前來和父親談論出售房子的事。
aspect [`æspɛkt]
n. 方面
片語：in all
aspects 在各方面 = in every aspect
Alcoholism will
affect all aspects of your life.
酗酒會全面影響你的生活。＊alcoholism [`ælkəhɔl͵ɪzəm] n. 酗酒
Peter
outdistances John in all aspects, including math. / 彼得在各方面都領先約翰，包括數學在內。＊outdistance [͵aʊt`dɪstəns] vt. 超越
assurance [ə`ʃʊrəns]
n. 保證，自信，把握，胸有成竹
同義字：pledge
[plɛdʒ] n. 保證 ⑤；guarantee [͵gærən`ti] n. 保證 ④；self-confidence [͵sɛlf`kɑnfədəns] n. 自信
Tom gave me his
assurance that he would show up on time. / 湯姆向我保證他會準時出現。
In spite of all
her assurances, Jane did not do the job as promised. / 雖然阿珍信誓旦旦，卻未做到她所承諾過的工作。
"John will
like that," Lisa said with assurance. / 麗莎胸有成竹的說：『約翰一定會喜歡的。』
assure [ə`ʃʊr]
vt. 向（某人）保證
衍生字：reassure
[͵riə`ʃʊr] vt. 使放心；向⋯再三保證
I can assure you
that this is the best restaurant in town. / 我向你保證，這是城裡最棒的一家餐廳。
Sam wasn't able
to assure her of his support. / 山姆無法向她保證要支持她。
比較：insure
[ɪn`ʃʊr] vt. 保險，為⋯投保 ④
You should
insure your house against fire. / 你應為你的房子保火險。
ensure [ɪn`ʃʊr]
vt. 確保
Hardwork ensures
success. / 努力可確保成功。
用法：assure
sb + that 子句 向某人保證⋯；assure sb
of sth 向某人保證某事
atmosphere [`ætməs͵fɪr]
n. 大氣，空氣，氛圍
同義字：feeling
[`filɪŋ] n. 感覺 ①；mood [mʊd] n. 氣氛 ③
The satellite is
fixed at a point just outside the Earth's atmosphere. / 那枚衛星被安置在地球大氣層外的某個定點上。
Mildew easily
forms in my room because of the damp atmosphere. / 因為空氣很潮濕，我的房間很容易長黴。＊mildew [`mɪl͵dju] n. 黴
I like the warm
and pleasant atmosphere in that coffee shop. / 我喜歡那家咖啡廳溫暖又愉快的氣氛。
capacity [kə`pæsətɪ]
n. 容量，能力，職位
片語：have a
capacity of + 數字 可容納若干⋯；
in one's
capacity as + 職位
某人以某職位的身份
The stadium has
a seating capacity of 1,000. / 該體育場可以容納一千人。
Everyone is born
with an immense capacity for love. / 每個人生來就有巨大的愛的力量。＊immense [ɪ`mɛns] a. 巨大的，廣大的
In my capacity
as general manager of this company, I would like to recommend Mr. Peter M.
Johnson to you. / 本人以本公司總經理的身份向台端推薦彼得‧ M‧強森先生。
chapel [`tʃæpḷ]
n. 小禮拜堂
同義字：a
small church 小教堂
Rita had a small
but beautiful wedding at the chapel. / 麗塔在一個小禮拜堂舉辦了一場小而美的婚禮。
Christian [`krɪstʃən]
a. 基督教的 n. 基督徒
I attend Sunday
school at the Christian church down the street. / 我在這條街上的基督教會上主日學。
Ellen is a
devoted Christian. / 愛琳是虔誠的基督徒。
延伸：Jesus
Christ [`dʒizəs ͵kraɪst] n. 耶穌基督
Christianity
[͵krɪstʃɪ`ænətɪ] n. 基督教
Paul used to be
a Buddhist, but he converted to Christianity last year. / 阿寶曾是佛教徒，不過卻在去年皈依基督教了。＊convert [kən`vɝt] vt. & vi.（使）皈依
I believe in
Christianity, while my sister believes in Buddhism. / 我信基督教，我姊姊則信佛教。
延伸：Buddhism
[`bʊdɪzəm] n. 佛教；Islam [`ɪsləm] n. 伊斯蘭教，回教
circumstance [`sɝkəm͵stæns]
n. 情況，環境（常用複數）
Under no
circumstances will I apologize to that guy. / 我絕對不會向那個傢伙道歉。＊apologize [ə`pɑlə͵dʒaɪz] vi. 道歉；apologize to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉
用法：Under
no circumstances + 倒裝句：絕不⋯ = By no means + 倒裝句 = In no way + 倒裝句 = On no account + 倒裝句
communication [kə͵mjunə`keʃən]
n. 聯絡，通訊，傳播，傳播學（複數）
衍生字：communicative
[kə`mjunə͵ketɪv] a. 愛說話的；社交的 ⑥
Native Americans
used smoke signals as means of communication. / 美國原住民過去用煙幕訊號作為聯絡的方式。
My sister
studied communications at university. / 我姊姊唸大學時曾修傳播學。
conference [`kɑnfərəns]
n. 會議
The press
conference is scheduled for 2 p.m. today. / 記者會預定在今天下午 2 點召開。
延伸：a press
conference 記者會 = a news conference
congress [`kɑŋgrəs] n.
國會（大寫，尤指美國國會），正式會議，代表大會
The United
States Congress consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. / 美國國會是由眾議院及參議院組成。
Dr. Brown's
speech at the medical congress won the respect of his peers. / 布朗博士在醫學代表會議上的演講贏得了同儕的尊敬。
congressman [`kɑŋgrəsmən]
n. （美國）國會議員
衍生字：congresswoman
[`kɑŋgrəs͵wumən] n. 國會女議員
William is going
to step down as congressman after 6 years. / 6 年任期後，威廉即將從國會議員職務卸任。
consist [kən`sɪst]
vi. 由⋯組成（與 of 並用），在於⋯（與 in 並用）
片語：consist
of... 由⋯組成 = be made up
of... = be composed of；consist in... 在於⋯ = lie in...
This delegation
consists of 50 government officials. = This delegation is made up of 50
government officials. = This delegation is composed of 50 government officals.
/ 該代表團由 50 名政府官員組成。＊delegation [͵dɛlə`geʃən] n. 代表團
Well goes the
saying, "Happiness lies in contentment." / 俗語說得好：『快樂在於知足／知足常樂。』＊contentment [kən`tɛntmənt] n. 滿足 =
satisfaction [͵sætɪs`fækʃən] n. 滿足
consistent [kən`sɪstənt]
a. 前後一致的，經常不變的
片語：be
consistent with... 與⋯一致
衍生字：consistency
[kən`sɪstənsɪ] n. 一致
反義字：inconsistent
[͵ɪnkən`sɪstənt] a. 不一致的
Raymond is not
consistent in his opinions. / 雷蒙的意見前後不一致。
The author has a
consistent style of writing. / 這位作者保有一貫的寫作風格。
John's actions
are consistent with his words.
= John's actions
are in accord with his words.
= John's actions
correspond with his words. / 約翰言行一致。
consistently [kən`sɪstəntlɪ]
adv. 一致地，一向
同義字：coherently
[ko`hɪrəntlɪ] adv. 前後一致地
constantly [`kɑnstəntlɪ]
adv. 持續地 ③
They
consistently opposed the government. / 他們一致反對政府。
Tom is
consistently late for work. / 湯姆上班一向遲到。
contribute [kən`trɪbjut]
vt. 捐助，貢獻 vi. 促成，導致（與介詞 to 並用）
片語：contribute
to... 導致⋯ = lead to... = result in... = give rise to...
= bring about...
衍生字：contributor
[kən`trɪbjʊtɚ] n. 捐助者；投稿人
The generous man
contributed a large sum of money to charity. / 這位慷慨人士捐了一大筆錢給慈善機構。
Hard work alone
does not necessarily contribute to success. / 光靠努力不一定就會成功。
contribution [͵kɑntrə`bjuʃən]
n. 捐獻，貢獻
片語：make a
contribution to... 對⋯貢獻
Any
contribution, large or small, will be appreciated. / 任何捐獻，不論金額大小，我們都感激。
The ceasefire
agreement would certainly make a great contribution to peace in that area. / 該停火協定肯定會對該區的合作有重大貢獻。
demand [dɪ`mænd]
vt. 要求，請求 n. 要求，請求
片語：meet
one's demands 達到某人的要求；be in demand 有需求；on demand 備索
The teacher
demands/requires/requests that students (should) be quiet when he speaks. / 老師要求學生在他講話時要保持安靜。
The firm does
all it can to meet its customers' demands. / 這家公司都會盡其所能以達到顧客的需求。
Good software
engineers are in great demand these days. / 這年頭優秀的軟體工程師需求量很大。
We have a lot of
free pamphlets on demand. / 我們有很多免費小冊子備索。＊pamphlet [`pæmflɪt] n. 小冊子
demanding [dɪ`mændɪŋ]
a. 苛求的
同義字：strict
[strɪkt] a. 嚴格的 ②
The demanding boss
frightens all his employees. / 這位苛求的老闆令他所有的員工害怕。
dormitory [`dɔrmə͵tɔrɪ]
n. 宿舍
Most of the
students live in the dorms, but I choose to live off campus. / 大多數學生都住在學校宿舍，不過我卻選擇住在外校。
用法：本字常縮寫成
dorm [dɔrm]。
facility [fə`sɪlətɪ]
n. 設施，設備（常用複數）
衍生字：facilitate
[fə`sɪlə͵tet] vt. 使便利；促進 ⑥
The teacher's
detailed explanation facilitated my understanding of this lesson. / 老師詳細的解說促進了我對這一課的了解。
The facilities
in that building are of the highest quality. / 那棟建築物的設備品質棒極了。
highly [`haɪlɪ] adv.
極，非常
片語：think
highly of... 看重⋯；speak highly
of... 讚揚⋯
We all think
very highly of you. / 我們非常敬重你。
Every teacher
spoke highly of Tom because of his excellent performance in the speech contest.
/ 湯姆在演講比賽有優異的表現，因此所有的老師都很稱讚他。
David was highly
delighted at the news. / 大衛聽到這消息高興極了。
industrial [ɪn`dʌstrɪəl]
a. 工業的
衍生字：industry
[`ɪndəstrɪ] n. 工業 ②；industrious [ɪn`dʌstrɪəs] a. 勤奮的 = diligent [`dɪlədʒənt] ⑥
That area of the
country is industrial rather than agricultural. / 該國那個地區是工業區而非農業區。＊agricultural [͵ægrɪ`kʌltʃərəl] a. 農業的
延伸：the
Industrial Revolution 工業革命
industrialize [ɪn`dʌstrɪəl͵aɪz]
vt. vi. （使）工業化
衍生字：industrialist
[ɪn`dʌstrɪəlɪst] n. 企業家，實業家
The government
is trying hard to make this region industrialized. / 政府正致力讓該區工業化。
literary [`lɪtə͵rɛrɪ]
a. 文學的，學術的
衍生字：literate
[`lɪtərɪt] a. 識字的 ⑥；illiterate [ɪ`lɪtərɪt] a. 不識字的，文盲的
⑥
The literary
scholars met in the library. / 文學界的學者在圖書館開會。
literature [`lɪtərətʃɚ]
n. 文學（不可數），文獻（可數／不可數）
同義字：writings
[`raɪtɪŋz] n.（文學）作品（複數）
Mary majored in
Western Literature while in college. / 瑪麗唸大學時主修西洋文學。
Paul didn't have
time to read all the available literature on the subject. / 阿寶沒有時間看完這個主題所有的現存文獻。
延伸：Western
Literature 西洋文學；Chinese Literature 中國文學
observation [͵ɑbzɚ`veʃən]
n. 觀察
Ray is a man of
keen observation but of few words. / 阿雷是個觀察敏銳卻不多言的人。
比較：observance
[əb`zɝvəns] n. 遵守；慶祝
in observance of
the holiday 慶祝節日 = in celebration of the holiday
observe [əb`zɝv]
vt. 觀察，遵守
衍生字：observer
[əb`zɝvɚ] n. 觀察員 ⑤；observant [əb`zɝvənt] a.有觀察力的；嚴格遵守的
同義字：obey [ə`be]
vt. 服從 ②
Have you observed
any changes in Sam's behavior? / 你觀察到山姆的行為有所改變嗎？
A good citizen
should always observe the law.
= A good citizen
should always abide by the law.
= A good citizen
should always comply with the law. / 好國民始終應守法。
otherwise [`ʌðɚ͵waɪz]
adv. 否則，以相反的方式
You should
listen to me; otherwise, you'll be sorry. / 你應聽我的話，否則你會後悔。
I'll stay here
until Dad tells me otherwise. / 我會待在這裡直到老爸要我不要繼續待為止。
用法：otherwise
與 or 同義，均表『否則』。or 是連接詞，之前置逗點，而 otherwise 是副詞，之前置分號，用以連接兩個主要子句。
Be quiet, or
I'll punish you. = Be quiet; otherwise I'll punish you. / 要安靜，否則我會處罰你。
procedure [prə`sidʒɚ]
n. 程序
What is the
procedure for replacing a lost passport? / 辦理護照遺失申請的手續為何？
proceed [prə`sid]
vi. 前進，繼續
衍生字：process
[`prɑsɛs] n. 過程 ③；processing
[`prɑsɛsɪŋ] n. 過程 ③；procedure
[prə`sidʒɚ] n. 程序 ④；proceedings [prə`sidɪŋz] n. 會議紀錄（複數）；proceeds [`prosidz] n. 收益（複數）
All passengers
should proceed to Gate No. 2 for boarding. / 所有乘客應前往 2 號登機門登機。
Please proceed
with your explanation. = Please continue with your explanation. / 請繼續你的說明。
profession [prə`fɛʃən]
n. 職業（尤指需要高等教育的職業，如律師、編輯、工程師等）
In the medical
profession, it is common for doctors to work very long hours. / 在醫療專業領域，醫師長時間工作是很平常的。
比較：occupation
[͵ɑkjə`peʃən] n. 一般職業 ④
professional [prə`fɛʃənḷ]
a. 專業的，職業的 n. 專家，職業選手
反義字：amateur
[`æmə͵tʃʊr] a. 業餘的 & n. 業餘從事者 ④
Though Mr.
Bagnell was once a professional TV comedian, he is now a politician in California
I'm a
professional. It won't take me long to fix your computer. / 我是專家。修理你的電腦我兩三下就搞定了。
用法：本字作名詞時，可縮寫成 pro [pro]。
professor [prə`fɛsɚ]
n. （大學）教授
Mr. Stevens is a
professor of psychology. / 史蒂芬先生是心理系的教授。
延伸：associate
professor （大學）副教授
比較：lecturer
[`lɛktʃərɚ] n. 講師 ④
Protestant [`prɑtɪstənt]
n. 新教徒 a. 新教的
There's a large
population of Protestants in this town.
/ 這個鎮上有大部分的人是新教徒。
My brother
joined the Protestant church when he was in college. / 我弟弟在唸大學的時候加入新教教會。
用法：Christian
泛指信仰耶穌基督的所有基督徒；Catholic 指信仰聖母瑪麗亞的天主教徒；Protestant 則指浸信會、長老會等各門派的基督徒。
publication [͵pʌblɪ`keʃən]
n. 刊物（可數），發表，公布（不可數）
衍生字：publicity
[pʌb`lɪsətɪ] n. 宣傳 ④
Peter's company
has produced numerous publications. / 彼得的公司出版了不少書刊。
The news is not
fit for publication. / 這個消息不適合發表。
publish [`pʌblɪʃ]
vt. 出版，發表，公開
衍生字：publicize
[`pʌblɪ͵saɪz] vt. 宣傳 ⑤
The author
publicized his new book during a TV interview. / 作者在電視訪談節目中宣傳他的新書。
That company
publishes a variety of educational books. / 那家公司出版各種不同的教育用書。
Don't publish
what I said today—it's off the record. / 不要公開我今天說的話—這是非正式的。
publisher [`pʌblɪʃɚ]
n. 出版社，發行人
I'll write to
the publisher for a copy of that book. / 我將寫信向該出版社要那一本書。
延伸：publishing
[`pʌblɪʃɪŋ] n. 出版業
Richard
eventually started a career in publishing. / 理查終於開始從事出版事業。
refer [rɪ`fɝ]
vi. 言及，提到，查（字典）（皆與介詞 to 並用）
片語：refer
to the dictionary/phone book 查字典／電話簿 = consult the
dictionary/phone book
Professor Wright
didn't like anyone referring to his artificial arm. / 萊特教授不喜歡任何人提到他的義肢。＊artificial [͵ɑrtə`fɪʃəl] a. 人工的
I referred to
the dictionary for a definition.
= I consulted
the dictionary for a definition. / 我查字典找一個字的定義。
比較：look up
亦表『查』，但須以被查的對象（如字、定義、電話號碼）為受詞。
If you don't
know the word, you can look it up in the dictionary. / 你若不懂這個字，可以在字典裡查它。
reference [`rɛfərəns]
n. 參考，言及，提到
片語：make
reference to... 提到，言及⋯ = refer to... = mention...
A dictionary is
a reference book. / 字典是一種參考書。
The speaker made
reference to some events of the past year. / 演講者提到去年發生的一些大事。
延伸：a
reference book 參考書
reflect [rɪ`flɛkt]
vt. 反射，反應 vi. 思考（與 on 並用）
片語：reflect
on... 思考／反省⋯
衍生字：reflective
[rɪ`flɛktɪv] a. 反光的；反映的 ⑥
The mirror
reflects sunlight. / 鏡子會反射陽光。
The polls have
reflected that welfare is the top issue with voters. / 這些民調反應出福利制度才是選民關注的首要議題。
We took a moment
to reflect on what we were about to do. / 我們花了片刻時間思考我們將怎麼做。
reflection [rɪ`flɛkʃən]
n. 反射，熟思
同義字：consideration
[kən͵sɪdə`reʃən] n. 考慮 ③
An echo is a
reflection of sound. / 回音是聲音的反射作用。
After some
reflection, I decided to accept his offer. / 經過一番考慮後，我決定接受他的提議。
status [`stetəs
/ `stætəs] n. 地位，身分，狀態，情況
同義字：situation
[͵sɪtʃʊ`eʃən] n. 情況 ③
The status of a
teacher is not high in many countries. / 在許多國家中老師的地位並不高。
What is the
present status of the negotiations? / 這次協商目前的情況如何？
延伸：status
quo [͵stetəs`kwo / ͵stætəs`kwo] n. 現狀
Most people want
to maintain their status quo and are reluctant to make any changes. / 大部分的人都想要維持現狀，很不願有什麼改變。
tend [tɛnd] vi. 傾向，易於（之後接不定詞片語）vt. 照顧
片語：tend to
V 容易⋯，往往會⋯ = be
apt/inclined/prone to V
tend sth 照顧某物 = take care of sth
We tend to take
natural resources for granted nowadays. / 現今，我們往往將自然資源視為理所當然。
Mary tended the
shop for her father while he was sick. / 父親生病時瑪麗替他父親看店。
tendency [`tɛndənsɪ]
n. 傾向
片語：have a
tendency to V 有⋯的傾向 = tend to V
Henry has a
tendency to look at the ground when he is telling a lie. / 亨利說謊時往往會看地面。
timid [`tɪmɪd]
a. 膽小的
衍生字：intimidate
[ɪn`tɪmə͵det] vt. 威嚇 ⑥
同義字：cowardly
[`kaʊɚdlɪ] a. 膽小的，如懦夫般的 ⑤
chicken [`tʃɪkɪn]
a. 膽怯的（俚）；yellow [`jɛlo] a. 膽小的（俚）
反義字：bold
[bold] a. 大膽的 ③
The timid boy
rarely speaks up in class. / 這個膽怯的男孩在班上很少開口說話。
tribal [`traɪbḷ]
a. 部落的
衍生字：tribe
[traɪb] n. 部落 ③
As this area was
becoming increasingly civilized, many of the tribal rituals were lost. / 這個地區日趨文明時，許多部落的習俗也跟著不見了。＊ritual [`rɪtʃʊəl] n. 儀式
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