2021年1月4日 星期一

有連接詞意義的副詞(/副詞片語)

 有連接詞意義的副詞(/副詞片語)

四大類金鋼
** 我思故我在 **
( 故 = 所以 = 結果 )
I think ; therefore , I am .
=
I think . Therefore , I am.
=
I think ; I , therefore , am .
=
I think . I , therefore , am .
(有連接詞意義的) 副詞 :
1.因為 " 分號 "
= 逗號 + 對等連接詞
( and, or, but, so ),
所以" 分號 " , 也是連接詞,
後面的句子
第一個字母 要小寫字母
( therefore )
2. "句號" 後面的句子,
第一個字母 要大寫字母
( Therefore )
3.第一句
therefore 後面的逗號 , 與
第二句
Therefore 後面的逗號 ,
可有可無(意即: 可省略)
4.第三句與第四句,
後子句有兩個逗號,
中間有" (副詞)插入語 "
therefore/Therefore,
修飾 後子句全句
5.這種特別的 " 副詞 " ,
置放位置有 4 類,
如以上例題.
前後兩個子句的關係,
也有 4 類
一.另外..也, 而且...又
(意義等於 and ,和,且,而且)
besides
additionally
in addition
moreover
furthermore
what is more
例1.
There was an earthquake ;
in addition ,
there were tidal waves.(/tsunamis)
=
There was an earthquake ,
and there were tsunamis .
(除了有地震之外, 另外也有海嘯.)
例2.
It's too late to go out now .
Besides ,
It's beginning to rain .
=
It's too late to go out now .
And it's beginning to rain .
(現在出去太晚了, 而且又開始下雨了.)
例3.
The manager is hard-working
and smart ;
moreover ,
he is charming.
=
The manager is hard-working
and smart ,
and he is charming.
(那位經理工作努力又精明能幹,
而且也 很得人緣.)
二.否則 (意義等於 or ,否則)
otherwise
例4.
He ran all the way to school ;
otherwise ,
he would have been late.
=
He ran all the way to school,
or he would have been late.
(他一路跑到去上學 ,否則他就遲到了.)
三.但是, 不過 , 然而 (意義等於 but , 但是)
however
nevertheless
nonetheless
still
例5.
He had a bad cold ;
however ,
he ( still ) went to school .
=
He had a bad cold ,
but he ( still ) went to school.
(他重感冒 , 但是 他仍然去上學.)
例6.
Certainly he apologized to me .
However ,
I won't forgive him.
=
Certainly he apologized to me .
But I won't forgive him .
(他的確向我道歉了, 然而 我不會原諒他.)
例7.
They have refused to help us ;
still ,
we can try to find other ways .
=
They have refused to help us ,
but we can try to find other ways.
(他們已拒絕幫助我們 ,
不過 我們仍可以想其他辦法.)
四. 所以 , 因此 ,故 (意義等於 so , 所以)
therefore
accordingly
consequently
as a result
in consequence
as a consequence
hence
thus
例8.
He had a bad cold ;
therefore ,
he didn't go to school.
=
He had a bad cold ,
so he didn't go to school.
(他重感冒 , 所以他沒去上學.)
例9.
It rained heavily ;
as a result ,
he drove slowly .
=
It rained heavily ,
so he drove slowly .
(當時下大雨 , 所以 他開車開的很慢.)
例10.
He employed an able secretary ;
thus ,
he was able to do his work
efficiently.
=
He employed an able secretary ,
so he was able to do his work
efficiently.
(( 他僱用了一位能幹的祕書,
因此(他)工作很有效率. ))
例11.
My little daughter is by herself ;
hence ,
I have to go home immediately.
=
My little daughter is by herself ,
so I have to go home immediately .
(我的小女兒獨自在家 , 所以我必須立刻回家.)
注意:這種英文用法,在學術研究文章常用,
在考試時更必考,台灣的"學測", "指考"裡
的"克漏字", "文意選填", "篇章結構"
更是重點考題,
閱讀測驗內暗含 " 題目與答案 ".
絕對重要

沒有留言:

張貼留言