2021年1月2日 星期六

however : 有兩義

 however : 有兩義

1. 但是, (可是, 然而, 不過):
當副詞, 單獨存在,
與 but (/但是) 同義
2. 無論如何 ... 也,
(不管怎樣 ... 也)
= no matter how
注意 英文考題中, 四選一(單選題),
若答案選項
有 however , 與 no matter how,
必選 however 為 唯一正確答案
(因為 however 有兩種用法(意義),
但 no matter how 只有一種用法(意義),
出題老師 故意考學生錯覺,
兩者有共同意義 ,
但單選題答案只有一個,
只能選 however 當 "但是" 意義的答案 )
例外,
3.however + S. + V. :
不論用任何辦法
注意 :
however, 或 no matter how :
沒有 "疑問" 的意義
例1.
He had a bad cold ,
but he still went to school.(正)
=
He had a bad cold ;
however ,
he still went to school.(正)
(他重感冒 ,
但是
他仍然去上學.)
不等於
He had a bad cold ;
no matter how ,
he still went to school.(誤)
例2.
無論如何 : 後面務必 接 "形容詞或副詞"
However + (形, 副) + S. + V. ,
=
No matter how + (形, 副) + S. + V. ,
However hot it is ,
he will not take off his coat.
=
No matter how hot it is ,
he will not take off his coat.
( 無論(天氣)多熱 ,
他也不會脫掉外套. )
例3.
You can't catch up with a car ,
however fast you run.
=
You can't catch up with a car ,
no matter how fast you run.
(無論你跑得多快,
你也趕不上汽車.)
例4.
The program ,
however popular ,
should be discontinued right now.
=
The program ,
no matter how popular ,
should be discontinued right now.
( 無論這個節目多受歡迎,
還是必須立刻(被)停播. )
例5.
(不論用任何方法) :
However + S. + V.
However you use it ,
it won't break.
( 不論你怎麼使用,
它都不會破(/出毛病). )
注意:
However (在"口語" 上) :
"到底如何, 究竟怎樣" ,
是 how 的強調形,
一般認為 要分成
" how ever " 兩字才 正確
(但是, 英文考題不會出現 這種用法)
例6.
However did you raise
this much money ?
( 你 "究竟(/到底)" 是
如何籌措到 這一筆錢的 ? )
cf(/比較) :
但是 :
1.
however 與 but 的意義相同, 但語氣稍弱 ;
此外, however 是較正式的用法.
前後兩個對等子句 "相反或不同"
(英文閱讀測驗考題 出現
but, 或 however ; 表示 後子句 重要,
隱藏 "題目與答案".
前子句 不重要)
2.
but 不置於句首, 必須置於 "兩個對等子句"
的 "中間"
但 however 則可以置於
句首, 句尾, 或 句中 ,
而以 置於 "句中" , 前後兩個對等子句
用 "分號" 或 "句號" 隔開 之情形較多.
(分號後, however 的 h ,要小寫字母,
句號後, However 的 H, 要大寫字母 )
例1.
He apologized ,
but I won't forgive him.
=
He apologized ;
however , I won't forgive him.
=
He apologized .
However , I won't forgive him.
(他道歉了,
但是我不會原諒他.)

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