Pattern 7
before / after S + V
例：a. Look before you leap.
跳之前先看一下。(三思而後行。)
b. It is too late to shut the stable door after
the horse has bolted.
等到馬兒跑掉之後才關門，為時已晚。
說明：
I. 在 before 和 after 的子句中，通常以簡單式代替未來式。
a. Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave.
(誤)
b. Remember to turn off the lights before you leave. (正)
離開之前記得關燈。
II. before 也可表示「以免 (so that something does not or
cannot happen)」的意思。
Your dog should be kept on a leash before it attacks any person.
你的狗應該繫上皮帶以免攻擊人。
III. before 之前可加一段時間或 just 或 long。
a. His novel was published three years before he fled to
America.
他的在他逃亡美國前三年出版。
b. I remember how the house filled up with brightness just before
she came through the door.
我記得就在她進門之前屋內是明亮的。
IV. after 前可加一個副詞 immediately, straight, soon, shortly,
(not) long 或一段時間。
a. An instant after the camera came to rest in front
of her, we heard the latch of the door click shut.
照相機放在她面前不久之後，我們聽到門栓喀一聲關起來了。
b. The airborne chemicals hovered in the atmosphere long after
the smoke had drifted away.
煙飄散很久之後，由空氣傳播的化學物質仍盤旋在大氣層中。
練習
I. 替換
範例：
a. You should complete your task prior/previous to your
departure.
→ You should complete your task before you depart.
b. Not long after the wedding, the wedding feast began.
→ Not long after the wedding was held, the wedding feast
began.
1. Prior to her marriage, she was an assistant to Professor
Lee.
à____________________________________________________________
2. Shortly after the king's death, his eldest son succeeded
to the throne.
à____________________________________________________________
3. Previous to coming here, I worked for an oil company.
à____________________________________________________________
4. After World War II, Japan was forced to relinquish
control of Taiwan.
à____________________________________________________________
5. Famine followed in the wake of the drought.
à____________________________________________________________
ll. 翻譯：請將下列中文句子翻成英文。
1. 冰融化之前需要一會兒時間。
It will be a while
_________________________________________________
2. 把你的珠寶放在安全地方以免被偷走。
Put your jewelry somewhere safe
___________________________________
3. 在你進大學前你得通過入學考試。
______________________________________________________________
4. 那本小說是在他三十歲出頭寫的，那早在他重回拍電影之前很久。
______________________________________________________________
5. 總統選舉遭受挫敗之後，那一年他退出政壇。
______________________________________________________________
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