2018年11月11日 星期日

Sentence Patterns 3.6.3


3.6 表對比或讓步的句型Pattern 3
while/whereas + S + V…
例:The ordinary criminal gets hammered while the politically powerful get on scot-free.
一般犯人會被捶打但有政治權勢的人卻能不受罰

說明
I. while whereas 具有表示對比的功用可以用but , yet and yet 來取代。
He is tall, while/whereas his brother is short.
→ He is tall, but/yet his brother is short.
→ He is tall, and yet his brother is short.
  他很高而他弟弟很矮

II. 對比的意念也可用副詞( however, in/by contrast ) 來表達。
He likes to climb mountains, whereas I prefer to swim.
→ He likes to climb mountains; however, I prefer to swim.
→ He likes to climb mountains; by / in contrast, I prefer to swim.
  他喜歡爬山而我喜歡游泳

III. while 也可表示讓步的意思相當於 though這時只能放在句首。
While I don't sympathize with the poet's political ideology, I admire his poems.
  雖然我不認同那名詩人的政治意識形態我卻崇拜他的詩。

練習
I. 替換
範例:Attempted suicides have stayed flat in recent years; in/by contrast, deaths from suicides have soared.
 Attempted suicides have stayed flat in recent years, whereas deaths from suicides have soared.
1. The salary of newcomers averaged NT $ 25,000; in contrast, that of the senior staff averages NT $ 60,000.
à____________________________________________________________
2. The birth rate for well-educated women has declined; by contrast, births to poor mothers have increased.
à____________________________________________________________
3. She has never done anything for me; by contrast, I have done everything for her. à____________________________________________________________
4. Boys are more likely to take an interest in math; in contrast, girls enjoy reading novels.
à____________________________________________________________
5. Tom is very outgoing; in contrast, his brother is shy and quiet.
à____________________________________________________________

ll. 翻譯:請將下列中文句子翻成英文
1. 你要住在鄉下而我寧願住在都市。
______________________________________________________________
2. 狄克喜歡咖啡而我要茶。
______________________________________________________________
3. 三年前一百名高中生中有八十九人可以進入大學而今年一百名高中生中有九十五人會成為大學新鮮人。
______________________________________________________________
4. 他認為我在說謊實際上我說的是實話。
______________________________________________________________
5. 高官揮霍公款大吃大喝而老百姓卻為錢所苦。
______________________________________________________________



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