看圖作文/演說 (On How To Brainstorm a Picture-guided Story)

 

05. 看圖作文/演說 (On How To Brainstorm a Picture-guided Story)

1. 故事情節 / 內容組織 — 結構認知

故事 情節結構 (Plot Structure )	類型 (Style)
	情節描述	寓意描述
	以 情節發展 為主 (plot-oriented) ，著重過程精采、曲 / 轉折，結局通常可留給讀者想像空間 (inference) 或略含啟示 (lesson/moral) 。 例： (93-94 年 ) 大學學測之看圖作文。	以 解讀隱藏含意 為主 (implication-oriented), 如哲理 (philosophy), 象徵 (symbol), 或啟示 (lesson/moral) 等。 例：【春、夏、秋、冬】為主題之連環圖。
引言 / 開頭 (Introduction/ Beginning)	背景佈局 (the background/set) -- 設定與描述 : (1) 時、空 / 場合 (time, place/occasion) (2) 角色 (characters)—who and what the characters are, and their relationships. (3) 故事 前因 / 前提 (the cause or beginning of the story)。	背景描述與主旨句設定 (theme with background): 將數圖視為一短文結構 。 -- 解讀每張圖隱含之意義，定義「寓意」或象徵之意義。背景描述採用 from general to specific 及設主旨句 (thesis sentence) 之寫作策略。
發展主體 (Development)	情節 發展 (the process--a scenario): (1) What's developing about the protagonist or other characters ? ( In what ways? ) (2) Why are they doing it? (the good reasons) (3) What is the view of the protagonist, what does he or she feel ? ( 主角想法與感受 ) (4) Are there twists and turns , or coincidences in the development? ( 曲折、轉變、巧合 )	支持細節 (supporting details) -- 承接、發展首段之主旨句，深入提供細節。
結論 / 結局 (Conclusion/ Ending)	結局 / 結果 (the ending): (1) 情節 後果 (consequence)/ 高潮 (climax) 見好就收。 (2) 揭示含意、啟示 ，或 提出解釋 ，或留下想像空間 (inference) 。	結論 (conclusion) -- 以一般作文方式結論，如總結含意、啟示，或引申，或評論、呼籲等。

2. 發展技巧： Narration (敘述文) vs Description (描述文)

(1) 敘述文：採「第一人稱」觀點, 作者本身融入其中一角色。

(2) 描述文：採「第三人稱」觀點, 作者為圖中主角命名，以第三者角度描述、解讀圖片內容。

~ 寫作技巧 ~

有創意、精彩的故事內容—在於創造神奇的「曲折、轉變」或「巧合」！但，聯考的(看圖)作文又不宜抽象、深奧，或懸疑費心思如偵探小說，需力求「一目了然」。

3. 解析舉例 (93年學測英文作文題目)

請根據以下三張連環圖畫的內容，以“One evening,…”開頭，寫一篇文章，描述圖中主角所經歷的事件，並提供合理的解釋與結局。

1) 看圖寫作/說故事需以圖為基礎，依據圖表示的「關鍵主情節」，構思一完整、合理的發展與結局，過程細節需依圖運用想像力。

2) 解讀設計原意：圖內與情節發展有關的細節需留意，如「TAXI」、「警察局」、「驚嘆+問號」等。大都是「提示」關鍵的曲折、轉變。

3) 適當設計人物關係與事件相關性的「巧合」。

 

I.     The background/set (第一張圖)

      1). Time (時)—One evening

2). Place/Occasion (地)—

3). Characters (角色)—

4). The relationship(s)—

5).   The cause of the story (事件佈局)—what are they doing in the beginning, in what ways are they doing something, and why are they doing it?

II.   The process (第二張圖)

      1). Development with respect to the protagonist (故事主角)—

2). Views from the protagonist, or his or her feelings—

3). Twists and turns, or coincidences in the plots—

III. The ending (第三張圖)

      1). The consequence of the event—

2). To end in a climax or to leave any inference—

3). Coincidences in the relationship of the characters, and in what has happened?

4). To provide necessary explanation—

 

作文版範例： 一目了然 -- 「 直接 」 描述過程細節，並立即解釋理由。（描述文description -- 第三人稱觀點）

     One evening, Jimmy attended a neighbor’s wedding banquet in a fancy restaurant. All the quests there were immersed in a blessing and merry atmosphere. Jimmy was high-spirited, too. And much to his surprise, he came across an intimate old junior high classmate. They happily caught up on each other’s news, and they gulped down one glass after another. Gradually, Jimmy began to feel dizzy. (背景--場合、人物，故事前因)

     After the end of the banquet, Jimmy said goodbye to his classmate and went home. Under the influence of alcohol, Jimmy staggered along the street and tried hard to hail each taxi whizzing by. Finally, one car stopped for him. But it was a police car. Jimmy was so drunk that he couldn’t tell a taxi from a police car. And because of this, the police decided to take him back to the police station.(情節發展)

     A while later, Jimmy was woken up by ringing phones, only to find that he was in the police station. A police officer yelled at him with rage, “How could a teenager like you get drunk like that?” Hearing this, Jimmy was still confused what had happened, and wondered whether he had mistaken a police car for a taxi.”(結局/後果)

演說版範例： 含「轉折、巧合」之創意，留伏筆於「結局」始提供解釋理由。 （敘述文 narration-- 第一人稱觀點）

     One evening, I got slicked up and attended a wedding banquet. The fancy restaurant filled up with bustling people and lively laughter. Before long, the bridegroom, my cousin, began a series of toasts to show his gratitude. I gave him my congratulations when he drew near. I drank one glass after another as we were chatting. Gradually, I began to feel dizzy. (背景--時、空/場合、人物，故事前因)

     After the end of the banguet, I said goodbye to my cousin and went home. Under the influence of alcohol, I staggered along the street and tried hard to hail each taxi whizzing by. One finally stopped for me, but the driver didn’t unlock the door right away. I couldn’t wait so I kicked the car in anger, and cursed the driver: “Open the door, you Lame Brain.” As a result, the driver let me in. I got into the car and fell asleep in seconds. (情節發展)

     A while later, I was woken up by ringing phones, only to find I was in the police station. Worst of all, a familiar voice was yelling at me. It was my father, who worked there. He recounted that their police car pulled over when they saw me waving at them, but soon I struck their car. They found I was drunk so they brought me back to the police station. My father was in a fury and I was still confused: “Did I mistake a police car for a taxi? And was the driver my dad?”(結局/後果，含合理的解釋)