UNIT 1.4

1. S + V/be (am/is/are)     S + V-ed/be (was/were)     S + will/be going to + V

說明：某個時間之中動作發生的狀態被稱為「時態」，「時態」中的「簡單式」表示「動作發生的事實」。「簡單式」又分為「現在簡單式」、「過去簡單式」和「未來簡單式」三種。以下為此三種「簡單式」常見的意義和動詞形式：

1. 現在簡單式：通常表示「日常習慣」、「一般的事實、不變的真理」或「現在的狀況、動作、心理狀態」。

               ‚第三人稱單數名詞作「主詞」時，動詞要加上“-s”或“-es”，其餘人稱均使用動詞原形。

2. 過去簡單式：通常表示「過往的經歷」或「過去曾有的習慣」。

               ‚動詞如果是規則變化，須加上“-ed”或“-ied”，如果是不規則變化，則須注意其過去式的動詞變化，例如go的過去式為went。

3. 未來簡單式：通常表示「未來的預期或計畫」。

               ‚所有人稱的動詞都可使用“will + V”，而“be going to + V”可替代“will + V”，表示「將要發生的動作」。

例句

1. The Amish men wear dark suits at all times, and the women never cut their hair.

  (阿米許男人總是穿著黑色套裝，而女人從不剪她們的頭髮。)

2. Long time ago, there lived a lonely king and his three daughters.

  (很久以前，那裡住著一位寂寞的國王和他的三個女兒。)

3. They will have a meeting at 4 p.m. today.  (他們將在今天下午四點舉行一場會議。)

2. One.... Another.... The other....   一……。另一……。還有一……。

說明：此句型常見的用法可分為下列三種：

1. “one... the other...”用以表示「討論的對象只有限定的二個」。

2. “one... another... the other...”用以表示「討論的對象只有限定的三個」。

3. “one... the other + 複數名詞...”可代換為“one... the others...”，表示「討論的對象是限定的多數」。

其他值得注意的是，one、another和the other也可當作代名詞使用。

例句

1. One group thinks it is OK to use electricity, telephones, and cars. Another group only uses them occasionally. The other group does not use them at all.  (有一群人認為使用電、電話和汽車沒有關係。另一群人只偶爾使用它們。還有一群人則是完全不使用它們。)

2. One of my parents is a writer, and the other is a doctor.  (我的父母有一位是作家，而另一位是醫生。)

3. If one part of the machine is off, the other parts will also stop.

  → If one part of the machine is off, the others will also stop.

     (如果這機器的一個部分關閉了，其他部分也將停止。)

3. S (+ Aux) + be + Vpp....

說明：此句型為被動語態(be + Vpp)，常在「做動作的對象不清楚或不重要」的情況下使用，將受詞(即接受動作的對象)變為主詞，而形成「被動」。

例句

1. The people are called the Amish.  (這些人被稱為阿米許人。)

2. For thousands of years, the tradition has been followed.  (數千年來，這個傳統一直被遵循著。)

3. Dave doesn’t like to be bothered at night.  (Dave晚上不喜歡被打擾。)

4. S + V... + without + N/V-ing.

說明：without 為介系詞，意為「沒有……」，其後須接名詞或動名詞，以形成介系詞片語。除了置於句尾之外，也可置於句首，但後面須加逗點。

例句

1. With cell phones, the Amish can talk to anyone anywhere without meeting face to face.

  (有了手機，阿米許人不需要見面就可以在任何地方和任何人說話。)

2. Matt left the living room without saying a word.   (Matt一言不發地離開了客廳。)

3. Without enough money, Chad can’t buy the new sneakers. (沒有足夠的錢，Chad無法買那雙新的運動鞋。)

5. Whether + S + V... (or not), S + V....   無論……與否

  S + V + whether + S + V... (or not).     是否……

說明：1. whether為一連接詞，後接子句。第一種句型的意思為「無論……與否」，表示「事情一定會發生」；而第二種句型中，whether子句接在及物動詞或介系詞之後當受詞，用以表示「不確定的狀況」。

2. whether子句後的or not可省略不寫。

3. 必須注意的是，如果whether子句為動詞的受詞時，可以用if代換whether，此時後面不接or not。

例句

1. Whether Amish people like to use modern technology (or not), it seems most of them just want to live in peace.  (無論阿米許人是否喜歡使用現代科技，大部分的人似乎都只想和平地生活。)

2. Whether Tom likes Helen (or not), he has to work with her.  (無論Tom是否喜歡Helen，他都必須跟她一起工作。)

3. We wonder whether Joe can come to the party (or not).

  → We wonder if Joe can come to the party.  (我們不知道Joe是否能來派對。)

實力評量

I. 判讀題：根據下列各題提示的動詞，填入正確的動詞時態。

____________ 1. I only remember that I ________ (fall) asleep quickly last night.

____________ 2. In my opinion, nature ________ (do) not belong to anybody.

____________ 3. Clark ________ (be) late for school again yesterday.

____________ 4. A language always ________ (change) with time.

____________ 5. Ruth hopes that her children ________ (understand) her some day.

II. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. With my classmates’ help, the work ________ in time.

            (A) finishes           (B) is finishing         (C) finished           (D) was finished

(　) 2. There are two questions. ________ is difficult, and ________ is easy.

            (A) One; the other(B) One; another       (C) Some; other     (D) Some; the other

(　) 3. It is getting warmer; spring ________ soon.

            (A) comes              (B) came                   (C) was coming     (D) will come

(　) 4. I need to know ________ they will build a bridge here or not.

            (A) which              (B) whether              (C) that                  (D) ×

(　) 5. There are three colors in the traffic lights: ________ is red, ________ is yellow, and ________ is green.

            (A) one; another; other                           (B) one; another; the other

            (C) one; some; other                               (D) one; another; some

(　) 6. Nelson went to bed without ________ anything last night.

            (A) eat                   (B) ate                      (C) eating              (D) being eating

(　) 7. The church ________ two hundred years ago.

            (A) was built         (B) builds                 (C) built                 (D) was building

(　) 8. ________ Andy’s help, I couldn’t finish painting my room in one day.

            (A) Because          (B) Except                (C) With                (D) Without

(　) 9. ________ Lily likes it ________, she has to do the housework today.

            (A) What; or not                                    (B) What; or so

            (C) Whether; or not                                (D) Whether; or so

(　) 10. Only a small part of the toy car is metal, while ________ parts of it are actually plastic.

            (A) other               (B) another               (C) the other          (D) some

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 雖然換了衣服，這個小偷還是馬上被認出來。

Although the thief changed his clothes, he _________________ _________________ at once.

2. 這個小男孩沒穿鞋就跑出了房子。

The little boy ran out of the house _________________ _________________ his shoes.

3. 這兒有三份禮物。一份給你，一份給媽媽，還有一份給Jason。

Here are three presents. _________________ is for you, _________________ is for Mom, and _________________ _________________ is for Jason.

4. Howard正在猜測老闆是否會滿意他的報告。

Howard is guessing _________________ the boss will be satisfied with his report _________________ _________________.

5. 在現代世界中，搭乘馬車被認為是獨特的。

In the modern world, riding a carriage _________________ t_________________ to be unique.