Translation中譯英ED-18-03-362-P.43
PART A 單句翻譯
1.培養感恩的態度可能是改善我們心靈及身體健康最簡單的方法之一。
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2.感激我們所擁有的東西，而不是抱怨那些我們沒有的是很重要的。
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PART B 連貫式翻譯
由於服裝業很競爭，許多製造商會做他們所能的任何事來讓成本保持盡量低。這往往導致發展中國家的受僱者在惡劣的環境下工作。令人傷心地，一些製造商甚至僱用童工，因為他們被視為是順從且廉價的勞動者。
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PART C 克漏式翻譯
The
small, old-fashioned town of Biertan, Romania, was known for its low divorce
rate. In the 300 years that Biertan had a bishop, only one couple got divorced.
這不是因為鎮民們有完美的婚姻，而是因為當地的主教有種方法讓他們了解他們最好待在一起。Within the church grounds is a tiny room in which couples having
difficulties were confined until they sorted things out. They could be kept
there for up to six weeks, sharing one bed, one blanket, one pillow, and one
table. It might have been torture, but evidently it did the trick.
In
the past, the people of Biertan were Lutheran Christians. Lutherans permitted
divorce, but strongly discouraged it. 他們認為對夫妻來説待在一起是很重要的，並鼓勵他們試著處理他們的問題。 These days, the “marriage prison” is a museum, but the local priest
still thinks it would be effective today. “In modern families, there is less
and less time for each other,” he says. “We need to talk more, so we can find
out what is important to us and what connects us.”
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Exercise:
1. 我的教授鼓勵我如果有什麼我不懂的要在課堂上提出問題，而不是保持沉默。
2. 這家旅館提供無限量的食物和飲料，所以你可以從吧檯點你喜歡的任何東西。
3. 我很感謝史提夫（Steve）星期五借給我新臺幣一千元，而我想盡快還給他。
4. 令人驚訝地，這個班上的學生都沒有人喜歡玩電動遊戲。
5. 我想我的胃部問題起因於吃了太多油炸食物；我最好不要再那樣做了。
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中譯英Key ＆ Explanation
PART A
Sentence 1
中文：培養感恩的態度可能是改善我們心靈及身體健康最簡單的方法之一。
英譯：Cultivating an attitude of gratitude may be one of the easiest ways
to improve our mental and physical health.
★本句以現在簡單式說明培養感恩的態度可能帶來的好處。動名詞(V-ing)的用法：動名詞為名詞，可置於主詞、受詞或補語之位置。動名詞當主詞時代表一件事，因此須搭配單數動詞；動名詞當受詞時，則須搭配特定可銜接V-ing的動詞，如enjoy、finish、mind、practice、avoid、consider、regret、keep、admit等。
㊣Practicing every
day is a great way to improve your English ability.
每天練習是提升你英語能力的一個好方法。
㊣On weekends, I
enjoy hiking in the mountains with my friends.
在週末，我喜歡和朋友們到山上健行。
★助動詞may的用法：（1）表示可能性，may
+ V表示現在可能的事實或未來可能發生的事情，may + have V-p p則是推測過去的事實或試圖給予合理的解釋；（2）表示許可或請求許可；（3）表示祝願。
㊣All hotel guests may use the common areas until 12 a.m., but we ask
that noise be kept to a Minimum after 10 p.m.
所有入住飯店的賓客都可以使用公共區域到午夜十二點，但是我們要求在晚上十點後必須將音量降到最低。
㊣May your new
business be blessed by success!
祝福你的新事業成功！
Sentence 2
中文：感激我們所擁有的東西，而不是抱怨那些我們沒有的是很重要的。
英譯：it’s important
to appreciate the things we have rather than complain about those we don’t.
★本句以現在簡單式說明我們應該懷有感激的心態。常見「表達感激之情」的用法：appreciate sth、thank sb for sth、be + thankful / grateful +（to sb）+ for sth / that S + V、show gratitude to sb
for sth等。注意：（1）appreciate在此用法中為及物動詞，表「感激；感謝」之意，其後接的受詞須為事情而不是人；（2）thankful多用於表達在某件事發生後帶有「慶幸、欣慰」的感激之情。
㊣Stan appreciates
all the sacrifices his parents have made for him.
史坦很感謝他父母為他所做的一切犧牲。
㊣Irene is
thankful that her flight was only delayed by 25 minutes.
艾琳很慶幸她的班機僅延誤了二十五分鐘。
★rather than為對等連接詞，表「而不是……」之意，前後連接兩個對等的結構，例如時態相同的名詞（片語）、動詞（片語）或形容詞（片語）等。rather than也可作為介系詞使用，其後動詞用V-ing介係詞片語instead of亦表「而不是…」之意，後面須接名詞或V-ing。
㊣Gillian would prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go out with
her coworkers.
吉莉恩今晚寧願待在家而不願與她的同事外出。
㊣Let’s bake Mom a cake ourselves instead of buying one from the
bakery.
讓我們自己來烤個蛋糕給媽媽，而不是從麵包店買一個。
PART B
Sentence 1
中文：由於服裝業很競爭，許多製造商會做他們所能的任何事來讓成本保持盡量低。
英譯：Since the garment industry is competitive, many manufacturers will
do whatever they can to keep their costs as low as possible.
★本句前半部分（Since the garment industry is competitive）以現在簡單式描述服裝業的競爭性，後半部分（many manufacturers will do…）則以未來簡單式說明製造商因應市場競爭會採取的措施。Wh-ever為「複合關係代名詞」，作名詞用時引導名詞子句，在整個完整句子中作主詞或受詞用，可替撲成any- + 關係代名詞。表「任何…」之意，例如whatever = anything that。此外，wh-ever亦可作副詞來引導副詞子句表讓步，連接兩個子句，可替換成no matter + wh-，表「無論…」之意，例如whatever = no
matter what。
㊣I brought all of these snacks to share, so help yourself to whatever
(anything that) you’d like.
我帶來所有這些零食是給大家分享的，所以想吃什麼你喜歡的請自便。
→whatever引導名詞子句，在句中作受詞用
㊣Whatever (No matter what) you say, I’m going to have a hard time
trusting you again after what you did.
無論你説什麼，在你做了那些事後，我很殿再信任你。
→whatever引導副詞子句，連接兩個子句
★as + Adj. (+N) / Adv. + as possible表示「盡量…；盡可能…」之意，亦可替換成as + Adj. (+ N) / Adv. + as sb can
/ could。注意：修飾動詞用副詞，修飾名詞用形容詞，若有名詞，則名詞要接在形容詞之後。
㊣My teacher suggested that I read as many books as possible in my
free time.
我的老師建議我在空閒時間閲讀盡量多的書。
㊣Melissa ran as fast as she could, but she still missed the school
bus.
梅莉莎盡她所能地快跑，但她還是錯過了校車。
Sentence
2 ＆ 3
中文：這往往導致發展中國家的受僱者在惡劣的環境下工作。令人傷心地，一些製造商甚至僱用童工，因為他們被視為是順從且廉價的勞動者。
英譯：This often results in employees in developing countries working in
terrible conditions. Sadly, some manufacturers even employ child laborers
because they are considered obedient and cheap workers.
★此二句皆以現在簡單式描述目前仍存在的事實及行為。表示「導致；造成；引起」的常見動詞（片語）有cause、result in、bring
about、contribute to、lead to、give rise to等；若要表示「由…造成；起因於…；源於...」的動詞片語則有result
/ arise / stem from等。
㊣The massive
earthquake caused a number of buildings in the city to collapse.
那場大地震導致該城市中的一些建築物倒塌。
㊣The argument
stemmed from the two players blaming each other for their team’s defeat.
這場爭執起因於兩名球員因為他們的球隊打了敗仗而互相指責對方。
★副詞置於句首的用法為Adv, S + V.，此時副詞用來修飾整句，指出該句內容的方向或給人的感受。常見的副詞有sadly（令人傷心地）、luckily / fortunately（幸運地）、unusually / unexpectedly（出乎意料地）、surprisingly（令人驚訝地）、miraculously（奇蹟似地）、interestingly（有趣地）、obviously（明顯地）等。此句型可代換成It is + Adj. + that +
S + V.。
㊣Luckily, we all managed to get tickets to the same movie.
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It was lucky that we all managed to get tickets to the same movie.
幸運地，我們都成功買到了同一部電影的票。
㊣Unusually, Angel
was the last person to arrive. She’s normally on time for everything.
出乎意料地，安琪是最後一個到的人。她通常都很準時。
PART C
Sentence 1
中文：這不是因為鎮民們有完美的婚姻，而是因為當地的主教有種方法讓他們了解他們最好待在一起。
英譯：This was not because the villagers had perfect marriages but because
the local bishop had a way of making them realize they had better stay
together.
★本句以過去簡單式說明比爾坦在過去離婚率低的原因。not A but B為對等連接詞，表「不是A，而是B」之意，其中A和B必須為詞性相同的單字或結構對等的詞組。此外，若not A but B作主詞用時，動詞變化須以B為主。
㊣I turned down that job not because the salary was too low but
because the company’s offices are too far away from my home.
我拒絕那份工作不是因為薪水太低，而是因為那間公司的辦公室離我家太遠了。
㊣I read history books not for school but for my own interest.
我讀歷史書籍不是為了學業，而是為了我自己的興趣。
★had better / best + V表「最好…」之意，相當於may / might as well + V（語氣較弱）；若要表達否定的用法則為had
better / best + not + V。注意：had better / best + V為助動詞片語，其中的had並非表示過去式，故無have / has + better / best + V之用法。」
㊣It’s starting to get dark, so we had better head home.
天色開始變暗了，所以我們最好回家去。
㊣Our teacher seems to be in a bad mood today, so we had better not do
anything to make him even angrier.
老師今天似乎心情不好，所以我們最好不要做任何讓他更生氣的事。
Sentence 2
中文：他們認為對夫妻來説待在一起是很重要的，並鼓勵他們試著處理他們的問題。
英譯：They believed it important for couples to stay together and
encouraged them to try to deal with their problems.
★本句以過去簡單式描述路德教派在過去對於婚姻的態度。虛受詞it可代替其後的不定詞to V或that名詞子句，常搭配believe、find、make、think等動詞，其句型為：S + believe / find… + it +
Adj. / N + (for sb) + to V / that + S + V。此句型中，it置於受詞位置，代替真正的受詞（不定詞或名詞子句）而真正的受詞則置於受詞補語（Adj. / N）之後。
㊣Mark finds it necessary to go to bed before 11 pm, in order to feel
fully refreshed the following day.
馬克認為在晚上十一點前上床睡覺是必要的，這樣隔天才會感到精神完全恢復。
㊣Joyce finds it
awful that there are so many stray cats and dogs in Taiwan.
喬伊絲認為臺灣有這麼多的流浪貓狗是很糟的。
★動詞encourage表「鼓勵；激勵；慫恿」之意，表示「鼓勵/慫恿某人做…」的用法為encourage sb to V；表示相反語意「勸阻/阻止某人做…」的用法則為discourage / dissuade sb from V-ing。
㊣Katie’s friends
encouraged her to go on vacation with them during the summer break.
凱蒂的朋友們慫恿她暑假時和他們一起去度假。
㊣My parents discouraged me from getting a part-time job, as they
wanted me to concentrate on my studies.
我的父母勸我不要打工，因為他們希望我專心在學業上。
舉一反三解答：
1.
My professor encouraged me to ask questions in class rather than stay silent if
there was something I didn’t understand.
2.
This hotel provides unlimited food and drinks, so you may order whatever (=
anything that) you’d like from the bar.
3.
I’m grateful to Steve for lending me NT$1,000 on Friday and I want to pay him
back as soon as possible.
4.
Surprisingly, none of the students in this class enjoy playing video games.
5.
I think my stomach problem resulted from eating too much deep-fried food; I had
better not do that again.
Topic-Based
Writing主題寫作：假設語氣的寫法(2) ED-18-03-362-P.24
Think
before You Speak
提示
我們每天透過語言與人互動，藉以表達意見，傳達感情，有時寒暄說笑有時嚴肅論事，但是有時難免因為思慮不周或受情緒影響，說出傷了別人，讓自己後悔的話，請寫一篇至少120個單詞（words）的英文作文。文須分段，描述一次未經思考、口不擇言的經驗，說明發生的原因及造成的後果，最後說明此經驗帶給你的改變。
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A. Develop an Approach
1.
假設語氣經常出現在英文寫作中，不論文體是記述文、抒情文或論說文，內容都可能涉及假設語氣的運用;若於大考作文中適當地使用假設句子，將可使作文更加生動，因此假設語氣絕對是英文寫作中不可或缺的一部分。
2.
使用假設語氣的最基本原則為：若是陳述事實，則使用與事實發生時相符的時態；若是所陳述的與事實相反，則是使用和事實相反的假設語氣。
3.
以範文一為例，文章的基本架構為（1）說明吵架的原因及經過;（2）說明口不擇言造成的傷害並試圖彌補、表達後悔的過程。架構（1）是過去事實的陳述，所以用過去式表達。架構（2）體會到「假如當初沒有做某事」的部分要用假設語氣，因為事情已經在過去發生了，所以必須用和過去事實相反的假設語氣表達。
Make
an Outline
主題句1
Sometimes when I get angry, I say things I
regret later.
(a) My sister and I were arguing about
something trivial.
(b) She said something about my appearance,
upsetting me.
(c) Without thinking, I told her that she
looked like a hideous beast.
(d) She looked hurt and ran into her
bedroom.
主題句2
Later, my sister told me that she has
terrible self-esteem.
(a) My remarks confirmed her own negative
thoughts.
(b) I felt awful, wishing I had held my
tongue.
(c) I apologized and reassured her that she
is beautiful.
結論句
Since then, I’ve learned to choose my words
more wisely.
Writing Sample 1 &
Explanation
How is it written?
第一段：說明吵架中口不擇言的過程。
第二段：說明因說話傷人而後悔不已的自省。
結論：學到說話前必須思考清楚，謹慎用詞。
Writing sample 1
Sometimes
when I get angry, I say things I regret later. For instance, my sister and I
were once arguing about something trivial as sisters tend to do. At one point,
my sister said something about my appearance and it made me upset. In
retaliation, I told her that she looked like a hideous beast that no one would
ever find attractive. I didn’t mean it, of course, but it slipped out of my
mouth nonetheless. My sister just looked at me with obvious hurt in her eyes
and ran into her bedroom.
Later,
my sister told me that she has terrible self-esteem. In fact in my sister’s
mind, my remarks had confirmed her own negative thoughts. I felt awful; had I
held my tongue, maybe my sister wouldn’t have believed these terrible things
about herself. After apologizing, I reassured her that she’s an amazing person
and is beautiful both inside and out. I wish I had thought of my sister’s
feelings before I said those things, but now I’ll always remember to choose my
words more wisely.
Grammar
Tips
本單元的重點文法：和過去事實相反的假設語氣。假設就是和事實相反，如果可能發生或是真實事件就不必用假設語氣。原則上，和過去事實相反的假設語氣if所引導的條件子句中的動詞常用「過去完成式（had V-pp。）」，而主要子句中常用「過去助動詞+ have V-pp。」來表達。常見的與過去事實相反的假設語氣句型如下：
I.
If + S + had V-p.p, S + 過去助動詞（would /
could / should / might）+ have V-p.p….
㊣If the patient had followed
the doctor’s advice and taken
his medicine accordingly, his health might
not hove declined so quickly.
如果那個病人有遵照醫囑服藥，他的健康狀況可能不會衰退得那麼快。
2.
Had + S + V-p.p, S + 過去助動詞（would / could / should
/ might）+ have V-p.p....
説明：省略連接詞lf，將句中表過去完成的助動詞had移至原來if的位置，形成倒裝句。
㊣Had our last runner
not fallen, we could have won first place in
the relay race.
假知我們的最後一位跑者沒有跌倒，我們原本可以赢得接力賽的第一名。
3.
If it had not been for / Had not been for + N(P), S + 過去助動詞（would / could / should / might） + have
V-p.p...
説明：If it had not
been for表「要不是…；若非…」之意，也司以用but for、without取代。
㊣If it had not been for / Had it not been for
the detective’s keen powers of observation, the evidence in the murder case would not have been discovered.
要不是那位警探敏銳的觀察力，那件謀殺案的證據就不會被發現。
㊣But for / Without the
volunteers’ assistance, the earthquake victims from the isolated village might not have survived the
first few days.
若非志工的援助，那座與外隔絕村莊裡的地震災民可能無法熬過最開始的那幾天。
4. S+ wish + (that) S + had
V-p.p....
説明：wish在此句型中用以表示「和過去事實相反的希望」，表示這個希望與過去事實不符。類似的用法亦有How I wish…（我多希望…），lf
only…（但願…；要是…有多好）等。
㊣Seth wished that he had accepted the job offer
abroad years ago.
塞斯真希望他在多年前有接受出國工作的機會。
㊣How l wish I had studied harder and not failed math last year.
我多希望去年我有更認真念書而且數學沒被當掉。
㊣If only I had gone to the concert and seen my idol perform!
如果我有去那個演唱會看我的偶像表演的話該有多好！
Writing Sample 2
It’s
easy to say things without thinking. Sometimes, you just say something silly
that’s quickly forgotten, but if you’re not careful, you might end up saying
something you really regret. This happened to me in 11th grade. I
wish I’d thought a bit more before I told my friend Dennis about our classmates
Jim and Irene. They were dating in secret. Jim and Irene didn’t tell anyone at
school because they hated the idea of everyone talking about their private
lives. However, I saw them holding hands one evening at a night market.
I
told my friend Dennis because it was great gossip and I wanted to show off the
fact that I was the first person to know. Of course, Dennis then told someone
else for the same reason, and pretty soon, everyone knew. Jim and Irene’s
secret was out and they were really upset. They ended up breaking up because
they felt so awkward about the situation, and I knew it was all my fault. If I
hadn’t told Dennis, maybe they would have stayed together.
Translation
Practice翻譯練習LI-18-03-203-P.33
三步驟循序漸進，學出好翻譯：
1. 找出句子的主詞、動詞，並判斷是否有適合的句型可用。→
2. 依照句意來決定依照句意來決定時式及語態。→
3. 比較參考答案強化不足之處。
養成篇
題組翻譯練習
請將下列句子翻譯成正確的英文。
題組練習一
1. 舉世皆知樹木是不可或缺的，因為樹木提供我們氧氣。
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2. 樹木也提供動物庇護，並透過阻擋陽光來降低氣溫。
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題組練習二
3. 從我上高中以來，環遊世界一直是我的夢想。
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4. 為了實現這個夢想，我決定要盡可能學好英文，並開始存零用錢。
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養成篇
題組翻譯解析
S.主詞V.動詞
題組練習一
1.
舉世皆知樹木是不可或缺的，因為樹木提供我們氧氣。
It
is universally known that trees are essential because they provide us with
oxygen.
翻譯訣竅：這句話是陳述事實，故時式用現在簡單式。
解析：
A.舉世皆知… S. be universally/globally
known
◆主詞為一件事時，可用it作虛主詞，that子句為真正的主詞，即it is universally known that S. + V.。
The
restaurant chain is globally known for its cheap meals and fast service.
這間連鎖餐廳以餐點便宜和服務快速而聞名於世。
B.不可或缺的，必要的 essential、important、necessary、vital
If
you want to get a seat, it's necessary to call ahead and reserve one.
如果你想要一個位子，就需要先打電話預訂。
This
river is vital to countless creatures in the forest.
這條河對森林裡無數的生物是不可或缺的。
C.提供某人… provide sb with sth = provide
sth for sb
◆oxygen指「氧氣」。
My
job provides me with a steady income. 我的工作提供我穩定的收入。
The
hotel provides soap and shampoo for its guests. 這間飯店提供客人肥皂和洗髮精。
2. 樹木也提供動物庇護，並透過阻擋陽光來降低氣溫。
Trees also provide shelter for
animals and reduce air temperature by blocking light from the sun.
翻譯訣竅：承上句，時式用現在簡單式表示。
解析：
A.庇護
shelter
◆shelter指「庇護;遮蔽」時作不可數名詞，指「遮蔽物;庇護所」時作可數用。
The
cave serves as shelter for the bears. 這個洞穴作為庇護熊之用。
B.透過，藉由… by +N.N-ing
I
made some space in the living room by moving the furniture around.
我藉由移動家具，讓客廳挪出一些空間。
C.阻擋陽光 block light from the sun; block
sunlight
Umbrellas
can be used to block sunlight. 雨傘可以用來阻擋陽光。
D.降低氣溫 reduce air temperature
We reduced the air temperature in the
room. 我們降低了房裡的溫度。
題組練習二
3.
從我上高中以來，環遊世界一直是我的夢想。
It
has been my dream to travel around the world since I entered senior high
school.
翻譯訣竅：
從句子判斷，副詞子句可用since引導，主要子句則用現在完成式表示。
本句的主詞為環遊世界（to travel around the world），可用虛主詞it代替。
A.從……以來 since + 過去的時間點 / S. + V-ed
Milton
has lived in that apartment since June. 米爾頓從六月後就住在那間公寓。
This
restaurant has been here since I was born. 這間餐廳從我出生後就一直在這裡了。
B.上高中
enter senior high school
enter可用來指「開始加入（學校，組織等）」。
I
entered senior high school in the fall of 2015. 我在二○一五年的秋天上高中。
C.環遊世界travel around the world = travel all over the world
I've
always wanted to travel all over the world, but I don't have the time or money.
我一直想要環遊世界，但我沒有時間或錢。
4. 為了實現這個夢想，我決定要盡可能學好英文，並開始存零用錢。
To
fulfill this dream, I am determined to study English as much as possible and
start saving my pocket money.
翻譯訣竅：
本句承上句，用現在式表示。
A.為了… To V,… = In order to V…
In
order to bake a cake, you'll need an oven. 為了烤蛋糕，你將需要一台烤箱。
B.實現夢想 fill / carry out one's
dream(s) = make one's dream(s) come true.
She
worked hard to make her dream come true. 她努力要讓夢想實現。
C.决定(做某事)
be determined to +V. = decide to V.
I'm
determined to find out who ate my lunch! 我決定要找出誰吃了我的午餐！
D.盡可能V. as much as possible
I
work out as much as possible. 我盡可能多鍛鍊身體。
E.零用錢
pocket money
I
don't have much pocket money to spend. 我沒有太多零用錢可以花。
應用篇
範例練習
請利用本單元學到的句型及用法，將下列句子翻成順暢的英文。馬上練習，印象更深刻喔！
題組一
1. 舉世皆知我們花太多時間在太陽下，就可能會得到皮膚癌。
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2. 因此非常重要的是我們要做好防護，例如用帽子來阻擋陽光。
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題組二
3. 從我年輕以來，當一名律師一直是我的夢想。
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4. 為了實現我的夢想，在就讀大學及法學院時，我全力以赴。
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Translation Practice翻譯練習
範例練習答案
1. It is globally known
that we can get skin cancer by spending too much time in the sun.
2. Therefore, it is vital
that we use protection, such as a hat to block sunlight.
3. It has been my dream to
become a lawyer since I was young.
4. To make my dream come
true, I put in my best effort in college and law school.
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