SPP 6.7 & 6.8

 

Pattern 7

…rather than…

例：America should reverse its priorities, spending money on the young rather than on the old.

美國應顛倒優先次序，錢要花在年輕人而非老年人身上。

 

說明：

I. 這個句型表示「…而非…」。如同not only… but also…一樣，rather than前後的詞語要對等平行。

a. We have to apply pressure to politicians to face up to the problems of unemployment, rather than to pretend they hardly exist.

我們必須像政客施壓，要他們面對失業問題而非假裝問題不存在。

b. The continuing bad health of the President may mean another election—sooner rather than later.

總統的健康繼續惡化可能意味著加快而非延後另一個選舉。

 

II. rather than前面是不定詞時，rather than後面通常用原形動詞。用動名詞也可以，特別是把rather than移到句首時。

a. I decided to visit her rather than phone/phoning her.

b. Rather than phone/phoning her, I decided to visit her.

我決定不打電話而是去拜訪她。

 

練習

I. 替換

範例：We drank tea instead of coffee. à We drank tea rather than coffee.

1. We went out for a walk instead of staying at home.

à____________________________________________________________

2. Universities must now focus on educational standards instead of miring themselves in racial debate.

à____________________________________________________________

3. Instead of challenging American power head-on, China is putting on a friendly face.

à____________________________________________________________

4. People are often admired for what they own instead of what they can do.

à____________________________________________________________

5. He was more sad than angry.

à____________________________________________________________

 

II.翻譯：請將下列中文句子翻成英文

1. 我們應向前看而不是回頭看二十多年前的往事。

______________________________________________________________

2. 她的介入只有使事情更糟而不是更好。

______________________________________________________________

3. 游擊隊的攻擊似乎是設計來顯示他們有能力戰鬥而不是要發動一場戰爭。

______________________________________________________________

4. 有關愛滋病的會議預計在八月而不是在三月舉行。

______________________________________________________________

5. 我不修理電視，而是決定要買一台新的。

______________________________________________________________

解答

I. 替換

1. We went out for a walk rather than stayed at home.

2. Universities must now focus on educational standards rather than mire themselves in racial debate.

3. Rather than challenging American power head-on, China is putting on a friendly face.

4. People are often admired for what they own rather than what they can do.

5. He was sad rather than angry.

 

II.翻譯：請將下列中文句子翻成英文

1. We should look forward rather than to the events of more than 20 years ago.

2. Her interference only made things worse rather than better.

3. The guerrillas’ attacks seemed designed to show that they had the capability to fight rather than to wage a war.

4. The conference on AIDS is scheduled to be held in August rather than in March.

5. Rather than have/having the TV set repaired, I have decided to buy a new one.

Pattern 8

… let alone…,

… still/much/even less…

例：The sick could not understand what was wrong with them, let alone decide what should be done to make them healthy again.

病人無法了解他們出了甚麼毛病，更不要說決定要怎麼做才能使自己復原。

 

說明：

I. 這個句型表示「更別提…」。如同not only… but also…一樣，let alone, still less, even less或much less前後的詞語要對等平行。同時要用在否定句中，使否定的陳述更加強烈。

a. He has never been to Europe or the United States, let alone seen a Starbucks.

她從沒去過歐洲或美國，更別提看過星巴克。

b. Most young men cannot afford the cost of a car, still less of a house.

大部分年輕人擔負不起車子的費用，更別提房子了。

 

II. not to speak of, to say nothing of, not to mention具有相同功用，只不過它們後面緊能接名詞或動名詞或the fact that + S + V。它們不屬於平行結構，它們也可以用在肯定句中。

a. Many of the country’s businessmen not to speak of foreign investors

shuddered at the stock market crash.

這個國家的很多生意人都被股市崩盤嚇壞了，更別說是外國投資客。

b. She is one of the most versatile, not to mention beautiful girls I have ever known.

她是我認識的女孩中最多才多藝的一位，更不用說是最美麗的。

 

練習

I. 合併句子

範例：a. He cannot even walk.

 b. Worse still, he cannot run. (用much less連接)

      à He cannot even walk, much less run.

1. a. It didn’t look as if a child had ever been in here. (用let alone連接)

 b. Moreover, it didn’t look as if a child had ever lived here.

à____________________________________________________________

2. a. Gaining weight won’t help your health. (用still less連接)

  b. Worse still, it won’t help the hypertension that you have suffered from.

à____________________________________________________________

3. a. It does not allow for any overlaps. (用let alone連接)

  b. Moreover, it does not allow for any errors.

à____________________________________________________________

4. a. Many poor African people still do not have the right to eat.

  b. Worse still, they still do not have the right to decent housing, health care, or education. (用let alone連接)

à____________________________________________________________

5. a. She never offered an apology.

  b. Worse still, she never paid damages. (用still less連接)

à____________________________________________________________

 

II.翻譯：請將下列中文句子翻成英文。

1. 政府是否願意都令人懷疑了，更不要說能夠打擊組織犯罪。

______________________________________________________________

2. 沒有證據證明大部分的回教徒認為公民自由權與回教不相容，更不要說是與安適的生活不相容。

______________________________________________________________

3. 他沒有足夠的錢買食物，更別提娛樂。

______________________________________________________________

4. 快樂很少被談及，更別提體驗了。

______________________________________________________________

5. 這幾群抗議的烏合之眾距離危害政府的路還很遙遠，更別提推翻了。

______________________________________________________________

解答

I. 合併句子

1. It didn’t look as if a child had ever been in here let alone lived here.

2. Gaining weight won’t help your health, still less the hypertension that you have suffered from.

3. It does not allow for any overlap, let alone for any errors.

4. Many poor African people still do not have the right to eat, let alone to decent housing, health care, or education.

5. She never offered an apology, still less paid damages.

 

II.翻譯：請將下列中文句子翻成英文

1. It is questionable whether the government would be willing, let alone, able to crack down on organized crime.

2. There is no evidence that most Muslims believe civil liberties to be incompatible with Islam, still less with a comfortable life.

3. He hadn’t enough money for food, let alone amusements.

4. Happiness is seldom spoken of, much less experienced.

5. These ragtag groups of protesters are a long way from endangering, let alone bringing down the government.