Research
has established that transportation workers have the highest COVID-19 risk
score, 75.7 out of an average 30.2, of 966 non-health jobs assessed.
Requirements to provide a negative COVID-19 test before boarding don’t
eliminate the danger of 1 .
Although the air on planes is cleaner than that of almost all other indoor
spaces due to the sophisticated air circulation system, planes are still not
completely safe. Flight attendants are more 2
from COVID-19 than anyone else on a plane, just by the nature of their work.
Close quarters mean they come within six feet of every passenger and each other
multiple times during a flight. Flight attendants are 3
to contracting the virus when passengers remove their masks to eat or drink and
when trying to convince an anti-masker to comply 4
rules. Federal protections for crew members are limited, and each airline has
its own set of policies. In the meantime, cabin crew members are still left
with open-to-interpretation guidelines that vary from airline to airline – and
few consequences for passengers who defy them. Besides that, other COVID-19 related
workplace concerns remain, such as 5
policies on contact tracing, testing, and quarantine, plus potential
consequences for crew members who miss shifts to isolate after exposure to the
virus.
|
【翻譯】 研究表明，在966個非衛生相關工作中，罹患新冠病毒(COVID-19)的風險平均得分為30.2分，其中，運輸工人得到最高分，為75.7分。登機前提供新冠病毒的陰性報告要求並無法排除被感染的危險。因為有了精密的空氣循環系統，飛機上的空氣幾乎比所有其他室內空間的空氣更乾淨，儘管如此，飛機仍不完全安全。就其工作性質而言，空服員比機上其他人更容易感染新冠病毒。狹窄的區域意味著他們在每次航班中，距離每位乘客不超過六英呎而且彼此接觸多次。當乘客取下口罩吃或喝東西，以及試圖說服不戴口罩的人遵守規則時，空服員很容易接觸到病毒。聯邦政府對機組人員的保護是有限的，且每家航空公司都有自己的一套政策。同時，空服員仍需遵循因航空公司而異，而有不同解讀的指導原則——而且違規乘客卻不用承擔什麼後果。除此之外，其他與新冠病毒相關的工作場所問題仍然存在，例如接觸者追蹤、檢驗和隔離檢疫政策都不一致，以及暴露於病毒後而隔離，因此錯過輪班的工作人員會有什麼潛在後果。 |
(
D ) 1. (A) infect (B) infected (C) infecting (D) being infected
|
【說明】 此題考文法。eliminate the danger of being
infected表示「排除被感染的風險」。其中of為介系詞，其後面動詞要改為動名詞，因此be應寫為being；感染應用被動語態，故選(D)。 |
( B ) 2.
(A) at most (B) at risk (C) at once (D) at random
|
(A) 最多 (B) 有風險 (C) 同時 (D) 隨機 |
|
【說明】 (1) 此題考片語。空服員比飛機上其他人有更高的風險感染新冠病毒，故選(B)。 (2) be at risk of sth
處於…的風險中 |
( B ) 3. (A) affordable (B) vulnerable (C)
reliable (D) capable
|
(A) 負擔得起的 (B) 易受影響的 (C) 可靠的 (D)有能力的 |
|
【說明】 (1) 此題考單字。空服員很容易接觸到病毒，而受到感染。此外，vulnerable常搭配介系詞to，故選(B)。 (2) be vulnerable to sth 易受到…影響 (3) be capable of V-ing 有能力做… |
( D ) 4. (A) to (B) in (C) for (D) with
|
【說明】 此題考片語。comply with the regulations/rules「遵守規則」，故選(D)。 |
( B ) 5. (A) invaluable (B)
inconsistent (C) indispensable (D) intellectual
|
(A) 寶貴的 (B) 不一致的 (C) 不可或缺的 (D) 智力的 |
|
【說明】 此題考單字。根據前文，不同航空公司有不一致的指導原則與規定，導致人們對工作場所有所擔憂，故選(B)。 |
▲閱讀下文，回答第6−10題
Leonarde
Keeler was named after the polymath Leonardo da Vinci. Leonarde Keeler, 6 , was responsible for using the modern version of the polygraph in
the 1930s. Polygraph lie detector testing, once used almost exclusively for
criminal cases, is being used by more and more companies for screening
candidates. It is used in the workplace 7 checking the information that job seekers are asked to include on
their application forms: availability for work, proof of legal employment
status, salary requirements, drug use and even medical history. A recent study
on the use of the lie detector by private industry states reasons for its
growing popularity. Using a lie detector is one of the easiest and cheapest
ways to validate a large amount of information from many job applicants. Using
lie detectors, employers can ask job seekers many questions 8 spending all the time and money to verify the truthfulness of the
responses of every applicant’s answers. Lie detectors are referred to as
emotion detectors, and their purpose is to measure body changes that 9 what a person says. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure and the
electrical activity of the skin are recorded by the polygraph machine. Lie
detectors are being used by businesses that want 10 ways of detecting the truth. However, the results are not always
accurate. In other words, lie detectors are not necessarily reliable and the
machine may record a “lie.”
|
【翻譯】 Leonarde Keeler是以博學多聞的Leonardo da Vinci命名。在1930年代，Leonarde Keeler共同發明測謊機並且負責使用現代版的測謊機。測謊機以前幾乎僅用於犯罪案件，現在正被越來越多的公司用來篩選應徵者。它被用於查核求職者在申請文件上需要包含的資訊：可以工作的時間、合法就業狀況證明、薪資要求、藥物使用，甚至是病史。最近一項關於私人企業使用測謊機的研究指出它越來越受到歡迎的原因。為了驗證來自眾多求職者的大量資訊是否正確，測謊機的使用是最簡單且便宜的方法之一。 雇主可以使用測謊機詢問求職者許多問題，而不必花費所有時間和金錢來查證每位申請人答案的真實性。測謊機被稱為情緒檢測儀，目的是在測量人在說話內容相抵觸時的身體變化。心率、血壓和皮膚放電的改變都被測謊機記錄下來。希望以有效方式檢測真相的企業就會使用測謊機。然而，結果並不是每次都準確。換句話說，測謊機並不一定可靠，而機器也可能測出「謊話」。 |
(D) 6. (A) he co-invented the polygraph (B)
was co-inventing the polygraph
(C) the polygraph was co-invented (D)
who co-invented the polygraph
|
【說明】 此題考關係代名詞用法。本句空格前後皆有逗號，逗號之間為非限定補充用法，Leonarde Keeler為who的先行詞，動詞為was，故選(D)。 |
(C) 7. (A) in spite of (B)
regardless of
(C) as a means of (D) with an exception of
|
(A) 儘管 (B) 不論 (C) (做)…的方法 (D) 除了…之外 |
|
【說明】 (1) 此題考介系詞片語。根據文意，測謊機是用來核對求職者申請表的一種方法，故選(C)。 (2) means n. 方法，手段 |
(A) 8. (A) instead
of (B) in
terms of (C) in case of (D)
in favor of
|
(A) 而不是 (B) 在…方面 (C) 在…情況下 (D) 支持；贊同 |
|
【說明】 (1) 此題考介系詞片語。根據文意，測謊機是測試求職者最簡單且最便宜的方式。空格後提到花費所有時間與金錢，與前文文意不同，可推知空格處應為轉折語，故選(A)。 (2) in case以防萬一 |
(D) 9. (A) ridicule (B) devour (C)
prescribe (D) contradict
|
(A) 嘲笑 (B) 吞食 (C) 為…開(藥) (D) 與…(相)矛盾 |
|
【說明】 此題考單字。根據文意，測謊機是要測量與說話內容相矛盾所產出的反應，故選(D)。 |
(B) 10. (A) guarantee (B)
guaranteed (C) guarantees (D) guaranteeing
|
【說明】 此題考文法。空格後是名詞ways，故空格應為形容詞，故此題應為(B)或(D)。整句話的主詞為測謊機，應是「被保證」其是否能偵測講話內容為事實，屬過去分詞當形容詞使用，故選(B)。 |
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