有連接詞意義的副詞(/副詞片語)

 有連接詞意義的副詞(/副詞片語)

四大類金鋼

** 我思故我在 **

( 故 = 所以 = 結果 )

I think ; therefore , I am .

=

I think . Therefore , I am.

=

I think ; I , therefore , am .

=

I think . I , therefore , am .

(有連接詞意義的) 副詞 :

1.因為 " 分號 "

= 逗號 + 對等連接詞

( and, or, but, so ),

所以" 分號 " , 也是連接詞,

後面的句子

第一個字母 要小寫字母

( therefore )

2. "句號" 後面的句子,

第一個字母 要大寫字母

( Therefore )

3.第一句

therefore 後面的逗號 , 與

第二句

Therefore 後面的逗號 ,

可有可無(意即: 可省略)

4.第三句與第四句,

後子句有兩個逗號,

中間有" (副詞)插入語 "

therefore/Therefore,

修飾 後子句全句

5.這種特別的 " 副詞 " ,

置放位置有 4 類,

如以上例題.

前後兩個子句的關係,

也有 4 類

一.另外..也, 而且...又

(意義等於 and ,和,且,而且)

besides

additionally

in addition

moreover

furthermore

what is more

例1.

There was an earthquake ;

in addition ,

there were tidal waves.(/tsunamis)

=

There was an earthquake ,

and there were tsunamis .

(除了有地震之外, 另外也有海嘯.)

例2.

It's too late to go out now .

Besides ,

It's beginning to rain .

=

It's too late to go out now .

And it's beginning to rain .

(現在出去太晚了, 而且又開始下雨了.)

例3.

The manager is hard-working

and smart ;

moreover ,

he is charming.

=

The manager is hard-working

and smart ,

and he is charming.

(那位經理工作努力又精明能幹,

而且也 很得人緣.)

二.否則 (意義等於 or ,否則)

otherwise

例4.

He ran all the way to school ;

otherwise ,

he would have been late.

=

He ran all the way to school,

or he would have been late.

(他一路跑到去上學 ,否則他就遲到了.)

三.但是, 不過 , 然而 (意義等於 but , 但是)

however

nevertheless

nonetheless

still

例5.

He had a bad cold ;

however ,

he ( still ) went to school .

=

He had a bad cold ,

but he ( still ) went to school.

(他重感冒 , 但是 他仍然去上學.)

例6.

Certainly he apologized to me .

However ,

I won't forgive him.

=

Certainly he apologized to me .

But I won't forgive him .

(他的確向我道歉了, 然而 我不會原諒他.)

例7.

They have refused to help us ;

still ,

we can try to find other ways .

=

They have refused to help us ,

but we can try to find other ways.

(他們已拒絕幫助我們 ,

不過 我們仍可以想其他辦法.)

四. 所以 , 因此 ,故 (意義等於 so , 所以)

therefore

accordingly

consequently

as a result

in consequence

as a consequence

hence

thus

例8.

He had a bad cold ;

therefore ,

he didn't go to school.

=

He had a bad cold ,

so he didn't go to school.

(他重感冒 , 所以他沒去上學.)

例9.

It rained heavily ;

as a result ,

he drove slowly .

=

It rained heavily ,

so he drove slowly .

(當時下大雨 , 所以 他開車開的很慢.)

例10.

He employed an able secretary ;

thus ,

he was able to do his work

efficiently.

=

He employed an able secretary ,

so he was able to do his work

efficiently.

(( 他僱用了一位能幹的祕書,

因此(他)工作很有效率. ))

例11.

My little daughter is by herself ;

hence ,

I have to go home immediately.

=

My little daughter is by herself ,

so I have to go home immediately .

(我的小女兒獨自在家 , 所以我必須立刻回家.)

注意:這種英文用法,在學術研究文章常用,

在考試時更必考,台灣的"學測", "指考"裡

的"克漏字", "文意選填", "篇章結構"

更是重點考題,

閱讀測驗內暗含 " 題目與答案 ".

絕對重要