Level 5 Unit 23 ~ Unit 24

Unit 23

butcher [`bʊtʃɚ] n. 屠夫 vt. 屠宰（動物）

My grandfather used to be a butcher who sold meat in the nearby market. / 我祖父曾經是屠夫，在附近的市場裡賣肉。

The tribesmen butchered a pig during the ritual. / 這些族人在祭典儀式中屠宰了一隻豬。＊ritual [`rɪtʃʊəl] n. 儀式

cardboard [`kɑrd͵bɔrd] n. 硬紙板

Old newspapers can be recycled and made into cardboard boxes. / 舊報紙可以回收再做成紙箱。＊recycle [ri`saɪkḷ] vt. 回收

用法：本字可做形容詞，形成下列詞組：a cardboard box 紙箱

carefree [`kɛr͵frɪ] a. 無憂無慮的

同義字：happy-go-lucky [`hæpɪgo͵lʌkɪ] a. 逍遙的；隨遇而安的

lighthearted [͵laɪt`hɑrtɪd] a. 放鬆的，無憂無慮的

Many people reminisce about their carefree days as a student. / 許多人會憶起他們學生時代無憂無慮的生活。＊reminisce [͵rɛmə`nɪs] vi. 追憶，回想（與 about 並用）

carnival [`kɑrnəvḷ] n. 嘉年華會，園遊會

同義字：fair [fɛr] n. 園遊會 ②；festival [`fɛstəvḷ] n. 節日 ②

People dressed up in elaborate costumes for the carnival parade. / 人們穿著精心設計的服裝參加嘉年華會遊行。＊elaborate [ɪ`læbərɪt] a. 精心製作的＊parade [pə`red] n. 遊行

carton [`kɑrtən] n. 紙盒，紙箱

片語：a carton of... 一盒⋯；a carton of cigarettes  一條香菸（10 包）；a pack of cigarettes 一包香菸

Nutritional information must be labeled on milk cartons. / 牛奶盒上必須標明營養成分。＊nutritional [nju`trɪʃənḷ] a. 營養的

celery [`sɛlərɪ] n. 芹菜

Celery is high in fiber but low in calories, which makes it a good snack for people on a diet.

芹菜富含纖維，卡路里低，對節食的人來說是很好的小菜。＊fiber [`faɪbɚ] n. 纖維＊calorie [`kælərɪ] n. 卡路里＊snack [snæk] n. 點心，小菜

比較：salary [`sælərɪ] n.（按月發放的）薪水

chatter [`tʃætɚ] vi. 喋喋不休 n. 喋喋不休

衍生字：chat [tʃæt] vi. 閒談 & n. 閒談 ③

Would you please stop chattering and try to get back to work? / 請你別再講話了，試著專心工作好嗎？

Jody's constant chatter annoyed Steven, who was trying to concentrate on his work. / 裘蒂話講個不停，惹惱了想要專心工作的史蒂芬。

chatterbox [`tʃætɚ͵bɑks] n. 話多的人

同義字：windbag [`wɪnd͵bæg] n. 話多的人，長舌公／婦

Lucy is such a chatterbox. Not a minute goes by when she is not talking. / 露西的話真多。她沒有一分鐘不是在講話的。

chef [ʃɛf] n. 廚師

片語：the head chef 主廚

Rebecca's husband is the head chef in charge of preparing the state banquet. / 瑞蓓卡的老公就是負責國宴的主廚。＊banquet [`bæŋkwɪt] n. 宴會

比較：cook [kʊk] n. 做菜的人 ①

My children say I'm a terrible cook. / 我孩子都說我是個不會做菜的人。

chimpanzee [͵tʃɪmpæn`zi] n. 黑猩猩（可縮寫成 chimp [tʃɪmp]）

Genetically, chimpanzees are very similar to human beings. / 就基因上來說，黑猩猩跟人類非常相似。＊genetically [dʒə`nɛtɪkḷɪ] adv. 從基因學／遺傳學而言

比較：orangutan [o`ræŋu͵tæn] n. 紅毛猩猩

coastline [`kost͵laɪn] n. 海岸線

同義字：shoreline [`ʃɔr͵laɪn] n. 海岸線

We went for a beautiful scenic drive along the coastline. / 我們沿著海岸線開車，欣賞沿途美麗的景色。＊go for a drive 開車兜風

considerate [kən`sɪdərɪt] a. 體貼的

片語：It's considerate of sb to V  某人⋯很體貼

同義字：thoughtful [`θɔtfəl] a. 體貼的 = understanding [͵ʌndɚ`stændɪŋ] a. 體貼的；be thoughtful of sb 某人很體貼 = be considerate of sb

反義字：inconsiderate [ɪn͵kən`sɪdərɪt] a. 不體貼的，缺乏考慮的

It's very considerate of you to lend me a hand in this time of trouble. / 你真體貼，在這困難的時候伸出援手。

counteract [͵kaʊntɚ`ækt] vt. 起反作用，抵銷，中和

同義字：offset [ɔf`sɛt] vt. 抵銷

Tea and milk will counteract the effects of alcohol. / 茶和牛奶會抵銷酒精的作用。＊alcohol [`ælkə͵hɔl] n. 酒精

counterattack [͵kaʊntərə`tæk] n. 反擊 vi. 反擊

衍生字：counteroffensive [͵kaʊntərə`fɛnsɪv] n. 反攻，反擊

The general deployed 5,000 troops in order to launch a counterattack. / 這名軍官部署了 5,000 名士兵，準備要展開反擊。＊deploy [dɪ`plɔɪ] vt. 部署（軍隊）＊launch [lɔntʃ] vt. 發動

The government troops counterattacked at dawn and defeated the rebels. / 政府軍於黎明發動反攻，擊敗了叛軍。

courtyard [`kɔrt͵jɑrd] n. 庭院，中庭

同義字：backyard [`bæk͵jɑrd] n. 後院

My grandmother loves to sit on the bench beneath the tree in the courtyard. / 我祖母喜歡坐在中庭大樹下面的長椅上。

cowardice [`kaʊɚdɪs] n. 膽小（抽象名詞）

衍生字：coward [`kaʊɚd] n. 膽小鬼（可數名詞）③

反義字：bravery [`brevərɪ] n. 勇敢 ③；courage [`kɝɪdʒ] n. 勇氣

It would be an act of cowardice not to stand up and protect your family in the face of danger. / 面對危險時如果不站出來保護家人會被視為是膽小的行為。

cowardly [`kaʊɚdlɪ] a. 膽小的

同義字：timid [`tɪmɪd] a. 膽小的 ④；yellow [jɛlo] a. 膽小的（俚）；chicken [`tʃɪkɪn] a. 膽小的（俚）& n. 膽小鬼（俚）

Peter is cowardly because he tends to panic at the sight of a small bug. / 彼得看到小蟲就容易驚慌，因此很膽小。＊panic [`pænɪk] vi. 驚恐

crackdown [`kræk͵daʊn] n. 鎮壓，嚴厲手段

A crackdown on drunk driving was urgently called for after the tragic accident. / 這件悲劇意外發生後，政府亟需取締酒後駕車。＊call for... 需要⋯（= require...）

用法：crackdown 表『整飭』或『掃蕩』，與 on 並用。crack 與 down 分開用時，則為片語動詞，亦須與介詞 on 並用，形成下列固定片語：crack down on sth 整頓某物；crack down on pollution 整頓汙染；crack down on the underworld 掃黑；crack down on pornography 掃黃（＊pornography [pɔr`nɑgrəfɪ] n. 色情）

cuisine [kwɪ`zin] n. 菜餚，烹飪法（不可數）

片語：French cuisine 法國菜；Chinese cuisine  中國菜

Chinese cuisine is internationally recognized. / 中國菜是全世界出名的。

dart [dɑrt] vi. 狂奔 n. 飛鏢

同義字：dash [dæʃ] vi. 衝刺 ③；arrow [`æro] n. 箭

Realizing a bus was approaching, Benjamin darted into the road and pulled the kid out of danger. / 看到公車迎面而來，班傑明衝到路上把小朋友帶離危險。

This pub is hosting a dart competition tonight. / 這間酒吧今晚將舉辦射飛鏢比賽。＊host [host] vt. 主辦

democrat [`dɛmə͵kræt] n. （大寫）民主黨員

衍生字：democratic [͵dɛmə`krætɪk] a. 民主的 ③；democracy [͵də`mɑkrəsɪ] n. 民主 ③

Democrats hold very different political views from Republicans. / 民主黨員和共和黨員的政治見解很不同。

descriptive [dɪ`skrɪptɪv] a. 描寫的

衍生字：describe [dɪ`skraɪb] vt. 描寫 ②；description [dɪ`skrɪpʃən] n. 描寫 ③；be beyond description 非筆墨所能形容

The beauty of this landscape is beyond description. / 這片風景的美麗非筆墨所能形容。

Jack London's novels contain many descriptive passages about life in northern counties. / 傑克‧倫敦的小說含有許多對於北方幾個郡生活的描寫。

＊Jack London 是美國知名作家，生於 1876 年，死於1916年。

disbelief [͵dɪsbə`lif] n. 不相信

片語：in disbelief  以不可置信的態度

反義字：belief [bɪ`lif] n. 相信 ②

The audience stared at the magician in disbelief. / 觀眾不可置信地盯著魔術師看。

disbelieve [͵dɪsbə`lɪv] vt. 不信，懷疑

反義字：believe [bɪ`liv] vt. 相信

Willy has always been an honest man. Why should I disbelieve his words? / 威利一直都是很誠實的人。為什麼我不相信他說的話呢？

dropout [`drɑp͵aʊt]（複數形: dropouts [`drɑp͵aʊts]）n.  退學生

Most of the people who attended this vocational training course were high school dropouts. / 參加這個職業訓練的學生大部分是高中輟學生。＊vocational [vo`keʃənḷ] a. 職業的

延伸：drop out 輟學；退出

Mary dropped out of school after she got pregnant. / 瑪麗懷孕後就輟學了。＊pregnant [`prɛgnənt] a. 懷孕的

dwarf [dwɔrf] （複數形: dwarfs/dwarves）n. 侏儒

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a household fairy tale. / 《白雪公主與七矮人》是家喻戶曉的童話故事。＊household [`haʊs͵hold] a. 家喻戶曉的

exaggeration [ɪg͵zædʒɪ`reʃən] n. 誇大

衍生字：exaggerate [ɪg`zædʒə͵ret] vt. & vi. 誇大 ④

John exaggerated his childhood misery to gain sympathy. / 約翰誇大了小時後的悲慘經歷以博取同情。＊misery [`mɪzərɪ] n. 悲慘

It's no exaggeration to say Patrick is a real giant. He is 240 centimeters tall. / 說派崔克真的是巨人一點也不誇張。他身高有 240 公分。

excel [ɪk`sɛl] vi. 表現優異（與 in/at 並用）(時態：excel, excelled [ɪk`sɛld] , excelled)

片語：excel in/at... 在⋯方面很突出

衍生字：excellent [`ɛksələnt] a. 出色的 ②

excellence [`ɛksḷəns] n. 傑出；優點（通常與 in 或 at 並用）③

Tom is awarded for excellence in medical research. / 湯姆因為在醫學研究上的傑出表現而獲獎。

John excels in math. / 約翰在數學方面很拿手。

David excels at photography, but when it comes to painting, he is all thumbs. / 大衛的攝影很行，不過說到畫畫時，他就笨手笨腳了。＊be all thumbs 笨手笨腳

fad [fæd] n. 一時的流行

Many people think tattoos are nothing but a fad.

許多人認為刺青不過只是一時的流行而已。＊tattoo [tæ`tu] n. 刺青

比較：fashion [`fæʃən] n. 流行

fertility [fɚ`tɪlətɪ] n. 肥沃，生育力

反義字：infertility [͵ɪnfɚ`tɪlətɪ] n. 不孕

The fertility of the land offered the farmer a decent life. / 這塊地的肥沃使這名農夫的日子過得不錯。＊decent [`disṇt] a. 不錯的，像樣的

Maria took medicine to increase her fertility. / 瑪麗亞吃藥以增進生育能力。

fertilizer [`fɝtḷ͵aɪzɚ] n. 肥料

衍生字：fertilize [`fɝtḷ͵aɪz] vt. 施肥；fertile [`fɝtḷ] a.（土地）肥沃的；能生育的；fertility [fɝ`tɪlətɪ] n. 肥沃；繁殖力

Organic fertilizers are much better than chemical fertilizers for the environment. / 有機肥料要比化學肥料對環境更有益。

filter [`fɪltɚ] vi. 過濾 n. 過濾器

片語：filter out... 將⋯過濾掉

The ozone layer filters out harmful UV rays from the sun. / 臭氧層過濾掉陽光中有害的紫外線。＊UV rays 紫外線（= ultraviolet rays）

Water filters must be replaced regularly. / 濾水器要定時更換。

fin [fɪn] n. 魚鰭

We could see the fins of the sharks sticking out of the water as they swam around the boat. / 鯊魚群在船附近游動時，我們可以看到牠們的鰭都露出水面。＊stick [stɪk] vi. 伸出

延伸：shark fin 魚翅

fishery [`fɪʃərɪ] n. 漁場

衍生字：fish [fɪʃ] n. 魚 ①；fisherman [`fɪʃɚmən] n. 漁夫 ②

The fishery has been polluted so seriously that many fish species are endangered. / 該漁場受到嚴重汙染致使許多魚類瀕臨絕種。

＊endangered [ɪn`dendʒɚd] a. 瀕臨絕種的

延伸：fishery 亦可指『漁業』。

flap [flæp] vt. 拍打 n. 蓋口

片語：flap the wings （鳥）拍打翅膀

The bird flapped its wings in panic as it was caught in a trap. / 那隻鳥被陷阱夾住時慌張地拍打翅膀。＊panic [`pænɪk] n. 驚慌

These hats come with ear flaps to protect your ears from the cold. / 這些帽子都有附耳罩，讓你的耳朵不受寒。

gasp [gæsp] vi. 喘氣 n. 倒抽一口氣，喘氣

片語：give gasps of astonishment 驚訝地喘氣

The crowd gasped as the building collapsed before them. / 當建築物在他們面前倒下時，群眾訝異地倒抽一口氣。＊collapse [kə`læps] vi. 倒塌

The audience gave gasps of astonishment when the magician suddenly appeared on the stage.  / 當魔術師突然出現在台上時，觀眾驚訝地喘息。

glare [glɛr] vi. 怒目注視（與 at 並用）n. 刺眼強光

片語：glare at... 瞪著⋯

同義字：stare [stɛr] vi. 瞪（亦與 at 並用）③

Sean glared at me angrily, then left the room and slammed the door. / 西恩狠狠地瞪著我，然後走出房間，把門猛力關上。＊slam [slæm] vt. 猛地關上

You should wear sunglasses while sailing because the harsh glare of the sun on the water can damage your eyes. / 你出海航行時一定要戴上太陽眼鏡，因為水面刺眼的反射光會傷害你的眼睛。＊harsh [hɑrʃ] a. 刺眼的

gorilla [gə`rɪlə] n. 大猩猩

Thousands of visitors flooded into the zoo, hoping to see the newborn baby gorilla. / 數千名群眾湧入動物園，希望可以看到剛出生的大猩猩寶寶。＊flood [flʌd] vi. 湧進

比較：guerrilla [gə`rɪlə] n. 游擊隊

permissible [pɚ`mɪsəbḷ] a. 可允許的

衍生字：permit [pɝ`mɪt] vt. 允許 ③；permission [pɝ`mɪʃən] n. 允許 ③；without permission 未經許可

同義字：allowable [ə`laʊəbḷ] a. 可允許的

You are not allowed to enter the premises without permission. / 未經許可前你不可以進入這個場所。＊premises [`prɛmɪsɪz] n. 場所

Hunting wild ducks is not permissible in this protected area. = Hunting wild ducks is not permitted in this protected area. / 在這一塊保護區內，獵殺野鴨是不被允許的。

radish [`rædɪʃ] n. 蘿蔔

These radishes and tomatoes are fresh from our garden. / 這些蘿蔔和蕃茄都是我們園子裡現採的。

republican [rɪ`pʌblɪkən] n. （大寫）共和黨員

衍生字：republic [rɪ`pʌblɪk] n. 共和國；共和政體 ③

As the election drew near, Republicans were worried about the decline in voters' support. / 選舉將至，選民支持度的下滑讓共和黨員很憂心。＊decline [dɪ`klaɪn] n. 下降

stammer [`stæmɚ] vi. 結巴 n. 結巴，口吃

同義字：stutter [`stʌtɚ] vi. 結巴 & n. 結巴

Jack tends to stammer when talking to strangers. / 傑克與陌生人交談時容易結巴。

When people laugh at Jay's stammer, he always feels embarrassed. / 有人嘲笑阿傑會口吃時，他總是感到很尷尬。

stanza [`stænzə] n. 歌曲或詩的一節

同義字：verse [vɝs] n. 詩或歌的一節 ③；versed 為過去分詞，表『精通的』；be versed in... 擅長某科目

Linda is well versed in French and politics. / 琳達擅長法文與政治。

Please analyze the use of metaphor in the second stanza of this poem. / 請分析這首詩第二節裡隱喻的使用。＊analyze [`ænḷ͵aɪz] vt. 分析＊metaphor [`mɛtəfɚ] n. 隱喻

比較：lyrics [`lɪrɪks] n. 歌詞（恆用複數）

steamer [`stimɚ] n. 蒸氣船，蒸鍋

同義字：steamship [`stim͵ʃɪp] n. 汽船

Riding a steamer down the Mississippi River is a great way to see some local sights.  / 搭乘蒸氣船順著密西西比河而下是欣賞當地風光的好方式。

Put the fish in the steamer and steam for 15 minutes. / 把魚放進蒸氣鍋裡蒸 15 分鐘。

stump [stʌmp] n. 樹樁 vt. （被問題）困擾

After the lumberjack sawed down the tree, nothing was left but the stump. / 伐木工人把樹木鋸掉後，就只剩下一塊樹樁。＊lumberjack [`lʌmbɚ͵dʒæk] n. 伐木工人＊saw [sɔ] vt. 砍

The mysterious case of the serial killer has stumped the police for years. / 這起神秘的連續殺人案已經困擾警方很多年了。

用法：stump 作及物動詞時，表『困擾』，與 puzzle [`pʌzḷ] 或 baffle [`bæfḷ] 同義。

stutter [`stʌtɚ] vi. 結巴 n. 結巴

同義字：stammer [`stæmɚ] vi. 結巴 & n. 結巴，口吃

Nelson was often teased at school because he stuttered. / 尼爾森因為講話會結巴，在學校常常被欺負。

The shy young man talked with a slight stutter because of his nervousness. / 這名害羞的年輕人因為緊張講話有一點結巴。

ware [wɛr] n. 器皿（集合名詞，不可數，通常用在複合字裡）

衍生字：hardware [`hɑrd͵wɛr] n. 硬體 ④；software [`sɔft͵wɛr] n. 軟體 ④；glassware [`glæs͵wɛr] n. 玻璃製品 ⑥；silverware [`sɪlvɚ͵wɛr] n. 銀器；tableware [`tebḷ͵wɛr] n. 餐具

Mother would take out her good silverware when guests come for dinner. / 只要家裡有客人來用餐，媽媽就會拿出好的銀器來使用。

warehouse [`wɛr͵haʊs] n. 倉庫

同義字：depot [`dipo / `dɪpo] n. 倉庫

We need to rent an additional warehouse because we have used up all the storage space in the current one. / 我們需要再多租一間倉庫，因為目前的儲存空間已經滿了。

＊additional [ə`dɪʃənḷ] a. 額外的＊storage [`stɔrɪdʒ] n. 儲存

Unit 24

adulthood [`ədʌlt͵hʊd] n.  成年

反義字：childhood [`tʃaɪld͵hʊd] n. 童年 ③

Once we reach adulthood, we should take total responsibility for our behavior.  / 我們一旦成年，就應該對自己的行為負起完全的責任。

boyhood [`bɔɪ͵hʊd] n. 少年時代

反義字：girlhood [`gɝl͵hʊd] n. 少女時代

Nowadays, the transition from boyhood to adulthood takes longer than it used to. / 現今，從少年到成年的過渡期時間比以往來得長。

＊transition [træn`zɪʃən] n. 過渡時期

brotherhood [`brʌðɚ͵hʊd] n. 手足之情

The staff in this department has a strong sense of brotherhood and excels at working as a team to overcome obstacles.

該部門的員工有著強烈如同手足般的情誼，擅長團隊合作以克服障礙。＊excel [ɪk`sɛl] vi. 擅長（與介詞 at 並用）＊obstacle [`ɑbstəkḷ] n. 障礙

gleam [glim] vi. 閃爍 n. 閃光

片語：gleam with... 閃爍著⋯ = glisten with...

同義字：glisten [`glɪsṇ] vi. 發光 & n. 閃耀，發光

Cathy's eyes gleamed with love whenever she looked at her baby son. / 每當凱西看著她的小男寶寶時，眼中都閃爍著母愛。

A gleam of hope appeared just as they were on the verge of giving up. / 當他們就要放棄時，出現了一絲希望。＊verge [vɝdʒ] n. 邊緣＊be on the verge of... 瀕於⋯

growl [graʊl] vi. 低吼，咆哮 n. （狗生氣時的）低吼，（人）咆哮

片語：growl at... 對著⋯低吼

同義字：snarl [snɑrl] vi. 低吼；咆哮 & n.（狗）呲牙裂嘴地發出低吼；（人）咆哮

The dog growled at the mailman and then snapped at his ankle. / 這隻狗對著郵差發出低吼，接著便朝他的腳踝咬了下去。＊snap [snæp] vi. 猛咬

My boss growled at me for being late.  / 我遲到了，所以老闆對我怒罵。

gypsy [`dʒɪpsɪ]（複數形: gypsies [`dʒɪpsɪz]）n.  吉普賽人

Gypsies were known for their exotic performances and traveling from place to place. / 吉普賽人因為他們充滿異國情調的表演以及周遊各地而出名。＊exotic [ɪg`zɑtɪk] a. 異國情調的

hairdo [`hɛr͵du]（複數形: hairdos [`hɛr͵duz]）n.  髮型

衍生字：style [staɪl] n. 風格；款式 ③

The celebrity showed up at the awards ceremony with an elaborate hairdo. / 這位名人以一頭精心設計的髮型出席頒獎典禮。＊elaborate [ɪ`læbərɪt] a. 精心製作的

hairstyle [`hɛr͵staɪl] n. 髮型

衍生字：style [staɪl] n. 風格；款式 ③

Changing to a short hairstyle in the summertime is comfortable and easy to manage. / 夏天時改留一頭短髮的造型既舒服且又容易整理。

hardy [`hɑrdɪ] a. （植物）耐寒的，（人）能吃苦的

同義字：robust [ro`bʌst] a. 強壯結實的；enduring [ɪn`djʊrɪŋ] a. 耐久的

反義字：frail [frel] a. 虛弱的

This type of tree is very hardy, meaning it can be grown in cold climates. / 這種樹能耐得起低溫，意味它能生長在寒冷的氣候中。

Children brought up in poor families are generally hardy and independent. / 一般而言，在窮苦家庭長大的孩子能吃苦也能獨立。

hedge [hɛdʒ] n. 樹籬笆，屏障

片語：be a hedge against... 是對抗⋯的屏障

Miranda's investments in overseas funds were a hedge against inflation. / 米蘭達投資海外基金是用來防止通貨膨脹的屏障。

比較：fence [fɛns] n. 籬笆（鐵製或木頭製的）

herald [`hɛrəld] vt. 通報 n. 先鋒，預報者

The newspaper heralded the arrival of a violent typhoon. / 報紙預先發佈了一個強烈颱風即將來臨的消息。

The swallow is a herald of spring coming. / 燕子預示春天就要來了。

hoarse [hors] a. 沙啞的

片語：shout oneself hoarse 某人把嗓子喊啞

同義字：croaky [`krokɪ] a. 低沉而沙啞的

The presidential candidate shouted himself hoarse trying to reassure the voters that the bad days were over. / 這名總統候選人一再向選民保證苦日子已經過去，把自己的嗓子都喊啞了。

hockey [`hɑkɪ] n. 曲棍球

If you want to play ice hockey, the first thing you need to learn is how to ice skate. / 你若想要打冰上曲棍球，就要先學習如何溜冰。

比較：ice hockey 冰上曲棍球

hound [haʊnd] n. 獵犬 vt. 不斷煩擾

Foxhounds often hunt in packs and have sharp senses of smell. / 獵狐犬通常會成群獵食，牠們有很敏銳的嗅覺。＊pack [pæk] n.（獵犬的）一群

The Hollywood couple was hounded by (the) paparazzi day and night. / 這對好萊塢情侶一天到晚被狗仔隊騷擾。＊paparazzi [͵pɑpə`rɑtsɪ] n. 狗仔隊（義大利文，作集合名詞，不可數）

延伸：greyhound [`gre͵haʊnd] n. 灰狗（身體細長且善跑的獵狗）

用法：hound 作動詞時，有『跟蹤』、『追逐』之意，相當於 constantly disturb（不斷煩擾）。

hover [`hʌvɚ] vi. （鳥、直升機）盤旋

片語：hover over... 在⋯上空盤旋；hover overhead  在頭上盤旋

A hawk hovered over the prairie, searching for prey. / 一隻隼鷹在大草原上盤旋，尋找獵物。＊prairie [`prɛrɪ] n. 大草原＊prey [pre] n. 獵物（集合名詞，不可數）

When I arrived at school this morning, I noticed a police helicopter hovering overhead. / 我今天早上到學校時，看到有架警用直升機在我頭頂上盤旋。

howl [haʊl] vi. 號叫 n. （狗、狼等的）號叫

After hearing the sound of wolves howling last night, I was so scared that I couldn't fall asleep.  / 昨夜聽到狼嗥後，我害怕得睡不著覺。

inborn [ɪn`bɔrn] a. 天生的

同義字：innate [ɪ`net] a. 天生的

反義字：acquired [ə`kwaɪrd] a. 後天的，習得的

Steve seems to have an inborn talent for mastering foreign languages.

史帝夫似乎天生就有精通外語的才能。＊master [`mæstɚ] vt. 精通

knowledgeable [`nɑlɪdʒəbḷ] a. 博學的

片語：be knowledgeable about sth 對某事懂得很多

同義字：learned [`lɝnɪd] a. 博學的

James is very knowledgeable about English literature and classical music. / 詹姆士對英國文學以及古典音樂很有研究。

lad [læd] n. 小男孩〔英〕（= young boy）

反義字：lass [læs] 小女孩（英）（= young girl）

When Martin was just a lad, his greatest wish was to go to sea. / 馬丁還是個小男孩時，他最大的願望就是去當水手。＊go to sea 當水手

laser [`lezɚ] n. 雷射

Laser surgery can reduce your need for glasses or contact lenses by reshaping your cornea. / 雷射手術能藉由角膜改造而減少你對眼鏡或隱形眼鏡的需求。＊cornea [`kɔrnɪə] n. 角膜

延伸：laser 是 light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 的縮寫。

lifelong [`laɪf͵lɔŋ] a. 終身的

Through hard work, the boxer finally achieved his lifelong ambition of becoming the heavyweight champion. / 經由努力，這名拳擊手終於達到他成為重量級拳王的終身職志。＊ambition [æm`bɪʃən] n. 雄心，抱負

比較：lifetime [`laɪf͵taɪm] n. 一生

I've only known you for two days, but it seems like a lifetime. / 我才認識妳兩天，但似乎像已經認識一輩 子了。

loft [lɔft] n. 閣樓

This narrow staircase leads to a loft, where you'll find a comfortable, king-size bed. / 這座狹窄的樓梯通往閣樓，在那兒你會發現一張舒服的大床。

＊king-size [`kɪŋ͵saɪz] a. 超過標準長度的

lofty [`lɔftɪ] a. 崇高的，高傲的

同義字：noble [`nobḷ] a. 高尚的；haughty [`hɔtɪ] a. 高傲的

Many young people have lofty ideals, but they often don't know how to realize them. / 許多年輕人有崇高的理想，卻不知道如何將其付諸實現。

The actress is always putting on a lofty air; no wonder she has very few suitors. / 這位女星總是擺出高姿態；難怪她乏人追求。＊put on a(n)...air 擺出⋯的姿態＊suitor [`sutɚ] n. 追求者

maiden [`medən] n. 少女 a. 少女的

片語：a maiden voyage 處女航，首航；one's maiden name 女子婚前姓氏

In the story, the knight woos and wins the heart of a fair maiden. / 在故事中，這名騎士追求並贏得了一位美麗少女的芳心。＊woo [wu] vt. 追求

During her maiden voyage, the Titanic sank into the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. / 鐵達尼號在處女航時便沉入大西洋中央。

martial [`mɑrʃəl] a. 戰爭的，尚武的

片語：martial law 戒嚴法（不可數）

martial art 武術（武術不只一種，故常恆用複數）

After the foreign troops captured the capital, martial law was imposed on the country to prevent rioting. / 外國部隊佔領該首都後，就對全國強行戒嚴法以防止暴亂。＊capture [`kæptʃɚ] vt. 佔領＊impose [ɪm`poz] vt. 強加＊impose A on B 將A強加於B

Leo is an expert in martial arts and specializes in karate. / 里歐是個武術專家，專長是空手道。＊karate [kə`rɑtɪ] n. 空手道

marvel [`mɑrvḷ] vi. 驚訝（與介詞 at 並用）n. 奇蹟

片語：marvel at... 對⋯感到驚奇 = be amazed at...

衍生字：marvelous [`mɑrvələs] a. 令人驚嘆的

It's marvelous how Peter managed to become so rich in such a short time. / 彼得在那麼短的時間內卻能這麼富有，這真令人稱奇。

The tourists marveled at the magnificent architecture of the old buildings in Rome. / 觀光客對羅馬古老大樓雄偉的建築大表驚嘆。

The space shuttle is a marvel of modern technology. = The space shuttle is a wonder of modern technology. / 太空梭是現代科技的一項奇蹟。

massacre [`mæsəkɚ] vt. 屠殺 n. 屠殺（人類）

同義字：a mass slaughter 大屠殺

Hundreds of innocent civilians were massacred during the air raid. / 幾百名無辜的百姓在這次空襲中被屠殺了。＊air raid [`ɛr ͵red] n. 空襲＊raid [red] n. 襲擊 & vt. 襲擊

The massacre in the village is reported to have left 20 people dead, including 6 women. / 據報這座村莊的大屠殺造成了 20 人死亡，包括 6 名女性。

massage [mə`sɑʒ] vt. 按摩 n. 按摩

My wife massaged my aching back after a long day at the office. / 在辦公一整天後，我太太按摩我疼痛的背部。＊aching [`ekɪŋ] a. 疼痛的

Thanks to your massage, I feel much better. The pain seems to have gone. / 由於你幫我按摩，我感覺好多了。疼痛似乎已經消失了。

比較：message [`mɛsɪdʒ] n. 信息

masterpiece [`mæstɚ͵pis] n. 傑作

衍生字：master [`mæstɚ] n. 名家，大師

This masterpiece was written by Charles Dickens, whom I think you've heard of. / 這部偉大的作品是由查爾斯‧狄更斯所著，我想你聽過他的名字。

mechanics [mə`kænɪks] n. 機器學

衍生字：mechanic [mə`kænɪk] n. 機械工 ④；mechanical [mə`kænɪkḷ] a. 機械的 ④；mechanical problems 機械的問題

My uncle happens to be an auto mechanic. He can fix your car. / 我叔叔碰巧是位汽車修理工。他可以修理你的車。

Due to mechanical problems, the train stopped in the middle of the tunnel. / 由於機械故障的緣故，這班火車在隧道中間停了下來。

I know how to operate that machine, but I don't know the mechanics of it. / 我知道怎樣操作那部機器，但卻不知道當中的機械原理。

mileage [`maɪlɪdʒ] n. 哩程數

衍生字：mile [maɪl] n. 英里

The mileage on this car is low, but there are major problems with the engine. / 這輛車子的哩程數雖低，但引擎卻大有問題。

延伸：a used car with a low mileage 表『哩程數不高的二手車』，而 "What's the mileage on your car?" 則是問『你的車子的哩程數是多少？』

motherhood [`mʌðɚ͵hʊd] n. 母親的身分

Cindy had a hard time combining motherhood and a career as an accountant. / 辛蒂很難兼顧母親的身分和會計師的職業。＊combine [kəm`baɪn] vt. 使結合

延伸：fatherhood [`fɑðɚ͵hʊd] n. 父親的身分

muse [mjuz] vi. 沉思

片語：muse about/on sth 沉思某事

同義字：ponder [`pɑndɚ] vi. 仔細考慮

I sat alone on the sofa, musing about the possibility of starting my own business. / 我獨自坐在沙發上，沉思著自行創業的可能性。

mutton [`mʌtṇ] n. 羊肉（不可數）

Our special today is roast mutton served with your choice of drink and dessert. / 我們今日的特餐是烤羊肉，配上你選擇的飲料和點心。＊special [`spɛʃəl] n. 特餐

比較：beef [bif] n. 牛肉（不可數）①；pork [pɔrk] n. 豬肉（不可數）①

nickel [`nɪkḷ] n. 鎳，5 分錢

Two nickels equal ten cents, the same amount as a dime. / 兩個 5 分錢等於 10 分錢，也就是 1 角的金額。

比較：cent [sɛnt] n. 1 分錢 ①；penny [`pɛnɪ] n. 1 分錢 ③；dime [daɪm] n. 10 分錢（1 角）③；quarter [`kwɔrtɚ] n. 25 分錢，兩毛五 ②

nightingale [`naɪtɪŋ͵gel] n. 夜鶯

The nightingale is a small brown European bird known especially for singing at night. / 夜鶯是一種小型棕色的歐洲鳥類，牠們以在夜間啼叫出名。

oblong [`ɑblɔŋ] a. 長方形的 n. 長方形

There is an oblong wooden table located at the back of the chapel. / 這間小禮拜堂內的後方有一張長方形的木桌。＊chapel [`tʃæpḷ] n. 小禮拜堂

用法：circle [`sɝkḷ] n. 圓形②；square [skwɛr] n. 正方形②；diamond [`daɪəmənd] n. 菱形②；triangle [`traɪ͵æŋgḷ] n. 三角形②；rectangle [rɛk`tæŋgḷ] n. 長方形②；oval [`ovḷ] n. 橢圓形④

optical [`ɑptɪkḷ] a. 光學的，視覺的

衍生字：optics [`ɑptɪks] n. 光學

The tricks magicians perform are often called optical illusions. / 魔術師表演的花招常被稱作光學上的幻覺。＊illusion [ɪ`luʒən] n. 幻覺

The doctor informed me that my headaches were being caused by an optical problem. / 醫生告知我的頭痛是因為視覺上的問題所造成。

robin [`rɑbɪn] n. 知更鳥

Robins can be found all over the US except for Hawaii. / 除了夏威夷以外，你能在美國各地發現知更鳥的蹤跡。

slaughter [`slɔtɚ] vt. 屠宰，屠殺 n. 屠宰（動物），屠殺（人類）

同義字：butcher [`bʊtʃɚ] vt. 屠宰（動物）& n. 屠夫；massacre [`mæsəkɚ] vt. 屠殺（人類）& n. 屠殺（人類）

The villagers slaughtered a pig in preparation for the summer festival.  / 村民宰殺一隻豬以籌備夏季的節慶。

Thousands of old men, women and children were slaughtered by rebel soldiers.

上千名的老人、婦女、小孩被叛兵屠殺。＊rebel [`rɛbḷ] a. 反叛的 & n. 反叛者

slay [sle] vt. 殺害（時態：slay, slew [slu] , slain [slen]）

同義字：kill [kɪl] vt. 殺害

Two passengers were slain by the highjacker because they tried to stop him. / 兩名乘客因為試圖阻止劫機客而被殺了。

snarl [snɑrl] vi. 低吼，咆哮 n. （狗呲牙裂嘴地發出）低吼，（人）咆哮

片語：snarl at...  對著⋯低吼／咆哮

My neighbor's dog started to snarl at me, so I quickly drew my hand back.  / 我鄰居的狗開始對我呲牙裂嘴低吼，所以我很快把手縮回來。

Mr. Wilson snarled at me for failing to meet his requirements. / 我未達到魏爾遜先生的期望，他因此對我怒罵。

tar [tɑr] n. 柏油，瀝青

同義字：asphalt [`æsfɔlt] n. 柏油，瀝青

After citizens kept complaining for years, new tar was finally applied on the road. / 市民持續抱怨幾年後，這條路上終於鋪上新柏油了。＊apply [ə`plaɪ] vt. 塗，鋪

toil [tɔɪl] vi. 勞動 n. 辛勞

片語：toil away 辛勤工作

同義字：labor [`lebɚ] vi. 辛勤工作

Having toiled away in the garage all afternoon, I took a bath and listened to some relaxing music.  / 整個下午在車庫辛勤工作後，我泡個澡並聽些輕鬆的音樂。

It's a shame that Dennis has achieved nothing after years of toil. / 很遺憾丹尼斯經過幾年的勞苦後卻沒有什麼成就。

torch [tɔrtʃ] n. 火把

片語：carry a torch for sb 單戀某人

The athlete carried the torch into the Olympic Stadium during the Opening Ceremony. / 這名運動員在開幕典禮時帶著聖火跑進奧林匹克體育場。

Mary has carried a torch for Peter for many years, but he hasn't seemed to notice. / 瑪麗單戀彼得多年，但他卻似乎還沒注意到。

trench [trɛntʃ] n. 壕溝

The soldiers dug a trench to protect themselves from being attacked by the enemy. / 士兵們挖了一條壕溝來保護自己不受敵軍攻擊。

velvet [`vɛlvɪt] n. 絲絨

You should dry clean this evening gown because it's made of velvet. / 你應該把這件晚禮服拿去乾洗，因為它是絲絨製的。＊gown [gaʊn] n. 女性長晚禮服

wade [wed] vi. 涉水

片語：wade through... 辛苦地讀完⋯

The river was so deep that we couldn't wade across it. / 這條河太深了，以致我們無法涉水而過。

Henry spent an entire week wading through the dull novel. / 亨利花了整整一星期好不容易才將這本沉悶的小說看完。

wail [wel] vi. 嚎啕大哭 n. 嚎啕大哭

The little girl was wailing miserably because she got lost in the department store. / 那位小女孩因為在百貨公司裡迷路而嚎啕大哭。＊miserably [`mɪzərəblɪ] adv. 悲慘地

延伸：cry 與 weep 同表『哭泣』，但強調『流淚』時用 weep；強調『哭出聲音』 時用 cry；sob 為『哽咽地哭』；wail 則為『放聲大哭』。the Wailing Wall（耶路撒冷的）哭牆

wreath [riθ] n. 花環

The widow laid a wreath on her husband's tomb and said a silent prayer. / 那位寡婦在她丈夫的墳墓上放了一個花環，然後默禱一番。