however : 有兩義

 however : 有兩義

1. 但是, (可是, 然而, 不過):

當副詞, 單獨存在,

與 but (/但是) 同義

2. 無論如何 ... 也,

(不管怎樣 ... 也)

= no matter how

注意 英文考題中, 四選一(單選題),

若答案選項

有 however , 與 no matter how,

必選 however 為 唯一正確答案

(因為 however 有兩種用法(意義),

但 no matter how 只有一種用法(意義),

出題老師 故意考學生錯覺,

兩者有共同意義 ,

但單選題答案只有一個,

只能選 however 當 "但是" 意義的答案 )

例外,

3.however + S. + V. :

不論用任何辦法

注意 :

however, 或 no matter how :

沒有 "疑問" 的意義

例1.

He had a bad cold ,

but he still went to school.(正)

=

He had a bad cold ;

however ,

he still went to school.(正)

(他重感冒 ,

但是

他仍然去上學.)

不等於

He had a bad cold ;

no matter how ,

he still went to school.(誤)

例2.

無論如何 : 後面務必 接 "形容詞或副詞"

However + (形, 副) + S. + V. ,

=

No matter how + (形, 副) + S. + V. ,

However hot it is ,

he will not take off his coat.

=

No matter how hot it is ,

he will not take off his coat.

( 無論(天氣)多熱 ,

他也不會脫掉外套. )

例3.

You can't catch up with a car ,

however fast you run.

=

You can't catch up with a car ,

no matter how fast you run.

(無論你跑得多快,

你也趕不上汽車.)

例4.

The program ,

however popular ,

should be discontinued right now.

=

The program ,

no matter how popular ,

should be discontinued right now.

( 無論這個節目多受歡迎,

還是必須立刻(被)停播. )

例5.

(不論用任何方法) :

However + S. + V.

However you use it ,

it won't break.

( 不論你怎麼使用,

它都不會破(/出毛病). )

注意:

However (在"口語" 上) :

"到底如何, 究竟怎樣" ,

是 how 的強調形,

一般認為 要分成

" how ever " 兩字才 正確

(但是, 英文考題不會出現 這種用法)

例6.

However did you raise

this much money ?

( 你 "究竟(/到底)" 是

如何籌措到 這一筆錢的 ? )

cf(/比較) :

但是 :

1.

however 與 but 的意義相同, 但語氣稍弱 ;

此外, however 是較正式的用法.

前後兩個對等子句 "相反或不同"

(英文閱讀測驗考題 出現

but, 或 however ; 表示 後子句 重要,

隱藏 "題目與答案".

前子句 不重要)

2.

but 不置於句首, 必須置於 "兩個對等子句"

的 "中間"

但 however 則可以置於

句首, 句尾, 或 句中 ,

而以 置於 "句中" , 前後兩個對等子句

用 "分號" 或 "句號" 隔開 之情形較多.

(分號後, however 的 h ,要小寫字母,

句號後, However 的 H, 要大寫字母 )

例1.

He apologized ,

but I won't forgive him.

=

He apologized ;

however , I won't forgive him.

=

He apologized .

However , I won't forgive him.

(他道歉了,

但是我不會原諒他.)